The expenditure on food, fuel, and rent of the workman 
in Germany would be to that of the same workman in 
England on the same items, exclusive of local taxation, as 119 to 100 
It appears, therefore, that an English workman in Germany, and living 
so far as possible as he had been accustomed to live in England, would find 
his expenditure on rent (exclusive of local taxation), food and fuel increased 
by some 19 per cent, (or roughly by one-fifth). 
As regards wages and hours of labour :— 
Weekly money wages of the working classes in German 
towns are to weekly wages of the same classes in England, 
in the trades selected for comparison, as ... ... .. 83 to 100 
Average usual working hours per week of the working 
classes in German towns are to those of the same classes in 
England, in the trades selected for comparison, as ... ... Ill to 100 
Consequently the hourly rates of money wages for the 
working-classes in German towns are to those of the same 
classes in England, for the trades selected for comparison, as 75 to 100 
Thus on the above basis the German rate of money wages per hour is 
about three-quarters of the English rate, and the cost of rent, food and fuel 
nearly one-fifth greater than in England. 
It may be as well to repeat here the two principal limitations of this 
estimate, viz., (1) the data as to wages and hours of labour are based on the 
building, engineering, and printing trades alone ; (2) the comparison of cost 
of living is based on the English standard of consumption, and covers only 
expenditure on food, fuel, and house room, or rather over three-quarters of the 
whole expenditure.