ASCHAFFENBURG. 
55 
Christi, Ascension of the Virgin (15th August), All Saints, and two days 
at Christmas (25th and 26th December). Local feasts reduce the usual 
working days of the year to 300, but in addition a considerable number of 
workpeople in the paper mills, who live outside and cultivate patches of land, 
invariably absent themselves a few days during the summer for the purpose of 
engaging in urgent farm work. 
There are no. powerful labour organisations at Aschaffenburg, and the 
working classes in general do not readily respond to appeals for combination. 
As Roman Catholicism is strongly in the ascendant the Catholic or “ Christian ” 
Trade Union holds the balance of power, and its " Workmen’s Secretariate ” is 
a centre of much quiet activity. The Social Demo ora tic organisation is less 
important, though it claims to have adherents belonging both to the Protestant 
and the Roman Catholic faith. It is significant that as yet no wages agreements 
have been concluded between employers and workpeople, though in the building 
trade the former regard them as inevitable, since other towns have set the 
example. 
The Chamber of Handicrafts ( Hand werk s-kammer) for Lower Franconia 
and Aschaffenburg regulates the conditions of apprenticeship in various trades, 
and also determines the number of apprentices allowable in every trade within 
its jurisdiction. The duration of apprenticeship is now confined within a 
minimum period of three years and a maximum of four years, and apprentices 
may be attached to workshops and undertakings in the following proportions : 
fitters’ and mechanics’ shops, two apprentices to every master and one 
additional for every journeyman, to a-maximum of six ; glaziers, one apprentice 
to every master and two apprentices to one or two journeymen ; joiners, two 
apprentices to every master and a further apprentice to every two journeymen, 
to a maximum of six ; masons and carpenters, one apprentice to the first three 
journeymen, two to four journeymen, and to every three additional journeymen 
another apprentice, to a maximum of six ; bakers, two apprentices to every 
concern ; paperhangers, one apprentice to the first two journeymen and one 
more to every additional journeyman, to a maximum of three. Apprentices are 
indentured under a contract approved by the Chamber. 
The wages ruling in the paper and glue industry range from 16s. 10d. to 
25s. for skilled men—the majority earning over 21s.—and 15s. 7d. to 20s. 
for general labourers. Paper pulp makers earn from 30s. to 36s. for skilled 
work and from 18s. to 24s. for unskilled work. In the engineering workshops 
the wages of skilled men range from 21s. to 24s. with little difference as between 
one class and another, while unskilled men receive about 16s. Qd. to 18s. per week. 
The fixed money wages in the brewing trade range from 23s. Id. (brewers, 
maltsters, coopers), to 24s. 3d. for skilled men (artisans), while draymen 
receive 22s. and labourers 20s. 4d. Beer allowances are given, however, to the 
amount of 5 and 6 litres (8| to 10J pints) per day, and where the beer is not 
•consumed money payment may be claimed at the rate of 1 d. per pint. The 
system of beer allowances is becoming unpopular, and it is expected that it will 
before long be abolished in favour of a fixed money payment. . There are 
40 breweries of various sizes in Aschaffenburg and the immediate vicinity, and 
they employ some 600 workmen. 
In the building trades the usual wages of foremen are 28s. 10d., those of 
skilled workmen range from 19s. 2d. to 27s., and labourers receive from 19s. 2d. 
to 19s. 10d. The best paid men are the bricklayers, masons, stonecutters, 
and painters, while the lowest rates fall to the plasterers, plumbers, joiners 
and cabinetmakers. The stucco workers are a small and select class of 
men and earn as much as 36s. It is usual in the building trade for all 
works to be contracted for together in the case of private works and for the 
tenders to be let separately in the case of larger public undertakings. The 
erection of the shell of a building (“Rohbau ”) invariable falls to one 
entrepreneur, but the woodwork and internal fittings generally go to different 
contractors. Many Italians visit Aschaffenburg as navvies, but they seldom 
settle as in other towns, and the foreign element in general is negligible. 
The yrao-es of municipal employees are rather lower than those ruling in 
private enterprise. The hours of labour range from 57 to 60, except for gas- 
stokers, who work 72 hours.