BRUNSWICK. 
129 
Group of Trades. 
Building 
Metal-working 
Machine, implement and apparatus making 
Jute spinning 
Other textiles 
Clothing and cleaning 
Printing, lithography, bookbinding, &c. 
Paper ... ... ... ... ... 
Timber yards and sawmills 
Brush-making... 
Chemicals 
Resins, varnishes, oil, soap, candles, &c. 
Brick and tile 
Other stone and earth trades 
Sugar manufacture 
Canned foods 
Cigar-making 
Other food, drinlg and tobacco trades 
Total 
Number 
of 
Establish 
ments. 
7 
26 
47 
1 
4 
276 
32 
7 
14 
2 
3 
6 
6 
12 
5 
26 
8 
102 
584 
Number of Workpeople. 
Males 
over 16 
years. 
340 
850 
6,958 
590 
10 
87 
785 
86 
186 
10 
124 
220 
304 
225 
688 
240 
133 
1,228 
13,064 
Females 
over 16 
years. 
293 
64 
1,161 
24 
1,036 
168 
90 
6 
3 
13 
12 
2 
90 
2,256 
99 
176 
5,493 
Juveniles 
14 but 
not over 
16 years. 
7 
46 
391 
135 
287 
57 
48 
13 
1 
2 
3 
5 
4 
35 
7 
94 
1,135 
Total. 
347 
1,189 
7,413 
1,886 
34 
1,410 
1,010 
224 
205 
14 
139 
235 
311 
229 
778 
2,531 
239 
1,498 
19,692 
The working-day usually lasts 10 hours, but a notable exception is the 
engineering trade, in which a 9J hours day is more general. Work begins as a 
rule at 6 a.m. and continues until 6 p.m., with intervals of half-an-hour for 
breakfast (from 8 to 8.30), one hour for dinner (from 12 to 1), and a pause 
in the afternoon called “Vesper” (from 4 to 4.30). A number of the large 
engineering firms, however, depart from this order, having introduced what is 
called “ English worktime,” under which arrangement the intervals for 
breakfast and dinner are shortened, the former to 20 minutes and the latter to 
half-an-hour, while the “Vesper” interval is abolished. Accordingly work 
ceases in these establishments at between 4 and 4.30 p.m. The proprietors of 
these concerns declare themselves to be very well satisfied with this disposition 
of the hours of labour. Some of the works also close an hour or two earlier on 
Saturday. Wages are generally paid at the end of the week ; in the breweries, 
however, the men receive their wages monthly, and are entitled to advances 
(“ subs ”) which may even equal the amount of a week’s earnings. 
In the building trades several wages agreements have for some time been in 
existence and the rates are nearly all for a week of 57 hours, except in the case 
of the stucco workers, who work 54 hours. The workmen engaged in the 
breweries also secured in May, 1905, a wages agreement which has been accepted 
by six large companies and one private firm. This agreement fixed the hours 
of labour at 10 per day or 60 per week. Draymen receive in addition to their 
wages a commission amounting to 6¿7. per 1,000 bottles sold. Free beer is also 
given daily to all employees in quantities varying from 5^ to 8f pints. After 
two to three years’ service with any firm an employee is entitled to three days’ 
1 ’’ 1 5 and after four years’ service to four days annually besides the general 
s. 
In the Co-operative Society’s bakery first bakers earn 33s. and ordinary 
men 25s. 6d. to 27s. per week. In the rates given for the other bakers of the 
town 12s. per week is taken as the equivalent of board and lodging, as most 
w orkmen live with their employers. 
Printers receive, in addition to the minimum rate fixed by their union for 
the whole of Germany, a supplement of 15 per cent, according to the scale laid 
down for certain towns where local conditions call for a higher rate. Machine 
compositors when engaged on news work earn 32s. 4d. for 48 hours, and when 
on jobbing work 33s. 8& for 54 hours, though when paid by piece they often 
earn much more. 
nouclay 
holiday 
29088 
R