XXX 
agreements for the cutlery industries of Solingen, and the various branches 
of the rasp, file, and small tool industry of Remscheid. There are agreements 
(either of time-rates or piece-rates) also in one town or another for a^number of 
the smaller trades, such as wood carving at Berlin, Breslau, and Chemnitz ; 
silk dyeing and printing at Crefeld ; bookbinding at Stuttgart, Leipzig, and 
Mannheim ; bespoke tailoring at Königsberg ; the ready-made clothing industry 
at Berlin ; shoemaking at Stuttgart ; and milling at Mannheim and Breslau. 
In the metal and engineering industries, as in the textile group, scarcely any 
agreements exist. It will be seen, therefore, that they relate almost solely to 
the smaller industries, and particularly to those which have more or less the 
character of handicrafts. The agreements as a rule are concluded for two or 
three years, though the minimum period may be as little as one year, and 
the maximum as much as five years. Specimen agreements are given in 
Appendix VI., pp. 508, 509. 
Where time-rates were not in force employers were asked to give the 
predominant earnings for each of the various classes of workmen in a full week, 
exclusive of overtime, in October, 1905. 
In order to facilitate comparison between the towns included in this 
investigation, it was necessary to choose trades which are represented in all the 
towns, with the fewest possible exceptions. The only trades answering to this 
requirement are the building trade, engineering, printing, and certain municipal 
employments. Brewing is represented in 23 towns, but comparison is rendered 
extremely difficult by the fact that in some of the towns beer is supplied tree to 
the employees, in others they have a choice between an allowance of beer and a 
money equivalent, and in yet others no allowance is made at all. The detailed 
rates of wages—whether ‘'standard rates” or predominant earnings—in these 
occupations are given in Appendix I., pp. 492-495. The following fable shows 
the predominant range of wages throughout Germany for each of the occupations 
in these trades, except brewing. The rates are in all cases weekly rates, and 
in the building trades in particular these are greatly dependent on the number 
of hours worked. 
Predominant Range of 
Weekly Wages in Certain 
in October, 1905.* 
Occupations in Germany 
Occupations^ 
Number 
of 
Towns 
included. 
Predominant 
Range of Weekly 
Wages at 
October, 1905. 
Number of Towns 
in which the mean wage for the 
given occupation was 
Within 
the 
Predominant 
Range. 
Below 
the 
Predominant 
Range. 
Above 
the 
Predominant 
Range. 
Building Trades :—t 
Bricklayers and 
Masons. 
Carpenters ... 
Joiners and Cabinet 
Makers. 
Plumbers 
Stucco workers 
Painters 
Labourers ... 
Engineering Trades : 
Moulders . . 
Fitters 
Turners 
Smiths 
Pattern-makers 
Labourers ... 
Printing Trades :— 
Compositors, Machine 
_ minders and Press 
men. 
Municipal Employees :— 
Road Makers 
Road Sweepers 
Gas Stokers 
Gas Labourers 
Waterworks Labour 
ers. 
32 
32 
30 
28 
26 
29 
32 
21 
28 
28 
23 
28 
28 
32 
30 
26 
29 
29 
29 
26s. 11 d. to 31s. 3d. 
26s. 11(7. „ 31s. 3d. 
24s. „ 27s. 
24s. to 28s. 6(7. 
33s. to 36s. 
24s. to 29s. 8d. 
19s. 6(7. to 24s. 
* 3* 's. to 34s. 
26s. „ 32s. 
27s. „ 33s. 
28s. 6(7. to 33s. 
25s. 6t7. „ 30s. 
18s. to 22s. 
24s. 9(7. to 25s. 11(7. 
18s. to 21s. 7(7. 
17s. 2(7. to 21s. 
24s. to 30s. 
18s. to 22s. 6(7. 
18s. „ 21s. 7(7. 
19 
16 
16 
20 
13 
25 
18 
10 
18 
17 
12 
15 
22 
21 
18 
18 
22 
23 
16 
* Berlin is not included in this Table. 
t Wages are for a full week in summer.