'367 
MUNICH. 
Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is a handsome city with a population at the 
Census of December, 1905, of 538,983, showing an increase of 39,051 inhabitants 
(equal to 7*8 per cent.) as compared with 1900, with the same municipal area. 
The growth of the city during the past thirty years has not been due in any 
large measure to the incorporation of adjacent townships, an addition of 
36,969 only, out of a total increase since 1875 of 345,959, being attributed to 
this cause. 
The intercensal increases, both with and without additions to the municipal 
area, are shown in the following Table :— 
Census year. 
1875 
1880 
1885 
1890 
1895 
1900 
1905 
Population. 
193,024 
230.023 
261,981 
349.024 
407,307 
499,932 
538,983 
Increase, including 
incorporated districts. 
No. 
36,999 
31,958 
87,043 
58,283 
92,625 
39,051 
Percentage. 
192 
13 9 
33 2 
167 
22 7 
7-8 
Increase, excluding 
incorporated districts. 
No. 
31,194 
31,958 
63,397 
56,713 
86.677 
39,051 
Percentage. 
15- 7 
]39 
222 
16- 2 
21-0 
7-8 
The most striking feature of this comparison is the small increase of 
population which has fallen to the last intercensal period, and which is mainly 
due to three causes. One is a diminishing birth-rate, as to which figures are 
given below ; another is the marked decline in immigration from other parts 
of Bavaria ; and, finally, an exceptionally large number of workpeople removed 
from the town owing to industrial disputes. While, however, the population of 
Munich increased by 7*8 per cent, between 1900 and 1905, the increase for the 
whole of Bavaria during the same period was only 5 6 per cent., with the result 
that Munich’s proportion of the entire population of the kingdom increased from 
8T to 8'3 per cent. Of the inhabitants enumerated in 1905, 39*5 per cent, were 
born in the city, against 36*1 per cent, in 1900, and 48*9 per cent, (against 5 *.*2 
per cent, in 1900) were born in other parts of Bavaria. The fact is significant 
that the proportion of female to male inhabitants has for a long time been 
increasing. The census of 1905 showed Munich to have 1,122 females to every 
1,000 males, whereas the ratio for Bavaria as a whole was 1,041 to 1,000. 
The streets: of Munich are well built, wide, and admirably paved and 
asphalted, whilst avenues, planted spaces, fountains, and statues beautify every 
quarter of the city. Of public works the only one which has not yet come 
entirely into municipal hands is the tramway system. The tramways were 
originally constructed by a private company in the old days of hòrse traction, 
and this company still holds its lease of the streets under an arrangement by 
which the town guarantees to it a certain minimum return upon capital, while 
claiming any eventual surplus beyond this return, so that the undertaking is 
virtually worked on the town’s account, though for the present the town does 
not directly manage it. Before long, however, this arrangement will come to 
an end, and the tramways will formally be taken over by the municipality. 
For public buildings and other buildings of an important kifid, sandstone 
and granite,! which come from a distance, are the material employed ; but for 
houses generally brick is used, this being as usual faced with stucco work, 
according td the fancy of the architect. Where stucco is used the surface is 
painted or Washed in colour, for unrelieved white is prohibited. Of ¡late concrete 
has been extensively employed. Munich, in fact, rests upon a stratjum of small 
gravel, which is suitable for concrete, and this will no doubt more à rid more be 
the building material of the future. 
The working classes proper are not conspicuous in the leading streets, 
•but the more one withdraws from the centre the more industrial becomes