by the state. These tax exemptions and this financial
support by the Soviet state have considerably stimu-
lated the development of collectivization.
All these factors, together with the greater unity
and better organization brought about among the
masses of the poor and middle peasantry, have led to
a strong and energetic development of the collective
farm movement, which has spread widely since 1927.
On November 1, 1927, the number of collective farms
in the U. 8. S. R. was 14,832, embracing 195,000
peasant holdings. By June 1, 1928, the number of
collective farms had mounted to 83,258, comprising
417,000 peasant holdings. By June 1, 1929, the num-
ber of collectives had increased to 57,000 with 1,003,-
000 peasant holdings. By November 1, 1929, the
number of such farms had grown to 67,486 and the
number of holdings which had joined the collec-
tive farms, to 1,919,000. Finally, in May, 1930, there
were in the U. 8. 8. R., 82,276 collectives embracing
5,778,000 holdings.
The tempo of collectivization of peasant holdings
may also be realized by a comparison of the percen-
tages of peasant holdings in the U. S. S. R. which had
joined the collective farms at various dates:
June 1, 1927. 0.8 PET CONE
October 1, 1929... cms. T6668
MAY Ly 1980. Qt Ct
This process is even more clearly evident when the
percentages are given for those individual regions
where collectivization embraces considerably larger
strata of the village. The table which follows shows
the percentage of the total number of peasant farms
10