Employment psychology

A survey of the trade in rubber manufactured goods

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1010911953

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-20641

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gide, Charles http://d-nb.info/gnd/117543985; Rist, Charles http://d-nb.info/gnd/172332966

Title:: Geschichte der volkswirtschaftlichen Lehrmeinungen

Edition:: Nach der zweiten durchgesehenen und verbesserten Ausgabe, herausgegeben von Franz Oppenheimer

Place of publication:: Jena

Publisher:: Verlag von Gustav Fischer

Year of publication:: 1913

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 828 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Index

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Index

Title:: Alphabetisches Namenverzeichnis

Collection:: Economics Books

80 boom had been expected. It might have materialised but for these improve: ments in tyre manufacture. Instead of a boom came a slump, however, and the planting industry has not yet quite recovered from the effects of that slump. There was practically no new planting from 1920 to 1922, There was a little in 1923 and in the early part of 1924. In the last three months of 1924 came a considerable rise in price and a tremendous rise in 1925. That started new planting, especially in the Dutch East Indies, and in 1925, 1926 and 1927 there was a very large amount of planting by the natives. This is not altogether new planting, because the native not infrequently taps his holding in a most drastic manner without consideration of the life of his trees. Thus a good deal of the new planting done by matives in the Dutch East Indies is to replace trees which will sooner or later cease to produce. It takes from five to six years from the time of planting of the trees before a commercial crop can be harvested. The output of a tree increases up to 12 to 14 years. After that, it remains stationary for a while, and then ‘it probably declines. The average pro- ductive life of a rubber tree is really not known since planters have had only about 25 years’ experience of the plantation industry. Wild rubber from Brazil and Africa is now practically negligible, being less than 5 per cent. of the total world’s marketable supplies. In 1900 Brazil, Africa and Central America supplied all the world’s rubber, Brazil roughly two-thirds of it. The highest output of wild rubber was in 1910 and 1911, when it reached 60,000 tons, dry weight, per year. In 1928 not more than 25,000 tons of dry rubber will be obtained from those places. It is doubtful whether even with a higher price, of 1s. 6d. or 2s. a Ib., these countries would produce more than 30 to 85 thousand tons of dry rubber. In Brazil, the more accessible trees have been tapped for many years and are rather exhausted. Tt does not pay to work the numerous trees in the more. inaccessible regions. In Africa the wild rubber has been dying out since 1910 owing to the destructive methods adopted in tapping the trees. Thus wild rubber is not an important factor to-day. The 1920 slump. In spite of a good demand in 1918 for rubber in America and other countries, falls in the local prices of rubber in the East occurred, owing to the scarcity of shipping, which was required for transporting troops and war material. Thus, whilst during 1917 and 1918 the London prices were from 2s, 6d. to 3s. a Ib., local prices in the East were below 1s. par lb. With the release of shipping after the Armistice, tue situation improved, and during 1919 large quantities of rubber were shipped. The demand was encouraging and no one foresaw that in less than two years the plantation industry would be experiencing the worst slump it has had to face. The slump was partly due to general trade depression in 1920, but was largely due to the improved manufacture of tyres. In the days of the old fabric tyre, five tyres a year were required for each car. By 1920 the new cord tyre was in use; only three per car were required each year. Cord tyres contained more rubber than the old fabric tyres, but were much more durable. In the middle of 1920, manufacturers found themselves with large forward commitments of crude rubber at prices ranging from 2s. 6d. to 3s. per Ib. and with stocks of manufacturers’ goods largely in excess of the current demand, Manufacturing activity was drastically curtailed, the demand for crude rubber dropped, and the resulting fall in price was intensified’ by the re-sale of criide rubber by manufacturers. Owing to the multiplicity and diversity of the nationality of the producers, it was impossible to effect an immediate curtailment of shipments, and it proved impossible, for the same reasons, to get a sufficient amount of support for any effective voluntary scheme of restriction of output.

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