railroad systems of the country, together with the largest 
steel plants and industrial concerns, most of whom require 
brushes made to suit their particular requirements. 
Raw material is principally high grade bristle, some 
erades of hair costing $400 per pound. Other materials, of 
which there are too many to enumerate, are assembled from 
every country in the world. and almost every animal con- 
tributes its share to the manufacture of this useful, nec- 
essary tool, which includes brushes from the smallest min- 
ature brush hardly larger than a pin to roller brushes twelve 
feet long. 
Most of the well known woods are used in the manu- 
facture of brushes, including sandal wood, mahogany, 
ebony, olive and walnut. Fibers of every description, each 
having its own merit by reason of its peculiarity, are brought 
from all over the world, such as bass fiber from Africa, 
bamboo from China, rattan from Ceylon, palmyra from 
India, tampico from Mexico. Metals including gold, silver, 
copper and tin, are used in various capacities, from making 
brush backs to binding, together with silk, cotton, linen 
thread, bone, ivory, celluloid. rubber, etc. 
The Wolfe Brush Co. has a capital investment of over 
$500,000 and its officers are Chas. E. Willock, president, 
S. Laird Lang, vice-president and treasurer; E. F. Johnston. 
secretary and general sales manager. 
WOODINGS FORGE & TOOL COMPANY 
The Woodings Forge & Tool Company, organized in 
1924 and located in Verona, Pa., while a comparatively new 
company, is directed by men with long experience in the 
manufacture of railway track tools. The president, Eman- 
uel Woodings. has been identified with the manufacturing 
end of this industry for forty years; the vice-president, J. T. 
Brooks, has had many years of experience in the selling end, 
and has been responsible for the successful development of 
many new ideas. 
Among several “Woodmgs” ideas, which have been 
accepted by the railroads of the United States, are the fol-