174 NATURE OF CAPITAL AND INCOME [Cmar. X

an element in the cost of production. From what has
been said it is evident that every rent and interest payment,
 while it is a cost to the payer, is income to the payse.
The total objective income of society consists wholly of
positive items, such as the use of food and furniture, the
shelter from houses, and the other direct services of wealth.
There are no negative items in the account of social income
which survive in the form of “costs of production.”
When we turn, however, to subjective income, we find the
case somewhat different. Including the human organism
as capital acted upon by the outer world and itself acting
upon the inner world of consciousness, we not only carry
the uncanceled fringe of services one step further and
obtain as net income the subjective satisfactions from the
use of food, clothing, furniture, dwelling, etc., but we find it
necessary to include also the subjective efforts put forth by
human beings in order that these satisfactions may accrue.
Thus, to revert to the income account of the lawyer. We
found that his net income consisted of the use of house $100,
use of furniture $50, use of food $150, and other uses $2500,
making a total of $2800. But if we include the lawyer's
own person in our accounts, we should have to enter, in
addition to all the previous items of income, the
following : —

gpl Income Outgo
Satisfactions from
shelter. . .  . 100[P) Shelter =. . . . 1000
Satisfactions from
Self use of furniture 50 [Q] Use of furniture . 50¢
“| Satisfactions from
use of food . . 150 [R] Consumption of
Satisfactions from food t= =, 150d
other uses . . 2500 [S] Other uses . . . 25000
Labor sacrifice . . 500 [t]

Some of these additional items are subjective and some
objective; the former are distinguished by italics. It is
evident that the objective items, here debited to the person