THE  VOCATIONAL  VALUE  OF  TESTS.  181
cause  he  wishes  to  remain  in  the  company  of  his  friend.
In  a  great  many  strange  ways,  boys  and  girls  acquire  a
deep-rooted  desire  to  be  or  to  do  some  particular  thing.
This  desire,  whatever  its  origin  may  be,  is  one  of  the  most
potent  factors  in  the  vocational  direction  of  the  individual, ­
  and  many  individuals  are  made  unhappy  because
circumstances  have  prevented  them  from  following  out
their  chosen  vocation.  An  industrial  organization,  however, ­
  can  not  be  guided  in  its  selections  by  this  factor  except ­
  in  a  superficial  way.  Every  organization  is  limited
lr >  the  number  of  jobs  and  positions  it  has  to  offer,  and  the
Vocational  guidance  and  training  which  it  gives  are
strictly  limited  accordingly.  The  institution  which  can
best  turn  this  dynamic  force  of  desire  and  dislike  to  account ­
  is  the  primary  and  secondary  school,  working  in
conjunction  with  all  the  industries  of  the  community.
In  the  schools,  where  the  emphasis  is  not  primarily  on  the
production  of  material  things,  there  is  sufficient  leisure
a nd  opportunity  to  give  every  pupil  a  trial  at  his  favorite
Work.  And  there  should  also  be  sufficient  opportunity  for
the  pupil  at  other  kinds  of  work  in  order  to  provide  a  basis
upon  which  to  guide  his  likes  and  dislikes  into  the  most
promising-  channels.
The  kind  of  guidance  which  should  be  attempted  must
be  determined  largely  by  a  consideration  of  the  kinds  of
'Work  which  the  community  is  doing,  and  for  this  purpose ­
  the  closest  cooperation  between  the  educational
an d  industrial  organizations  is  necessary.  Until  recently
educators  have  been  so  much  concerned  with  the  defense
°I  the  disciplinary  and  cultural  tradition  that  they  have
lacked  either  the  inclination  or  the  energy  to  adjust  the
educational  program  harmoniously  with  the  industrial
changes  of  the  times.  As  a  result,  there  are  to-day  in-