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EMPLOYMENT  PSYCHOLOGY

Possessed  of  the
necessary  ability.

Possessed  of  the  necessary ­
  moral  traits.

Without  the  necessary ­
  ability.

Without  the  necessary ­
  moral  traits.

The  four  possible  combinations  are  as  follows:  (i)  Those
with  the  necessary  technique  and  also  the  necessary  moral
traits.  (2)  Those  with  the  necessary  ability  but  without
the  necessary  moral  traits.  (3)  Those  without  the  necessary ­
  ability  but  with  the  necessary  moral  traits.  (4)
Those  without  the  necessary  ability  and  without  the  necessary ­
  moral  traits.
Now,  it  will  be  seen  that  psychological  tests,  by  being
able  to  discover  and  measure  ability  or  technique,  immediately ­
  make  it  possible  to  reduce  the  number  of  possible
mistakes  in  selection  by  fifty  per  cent.  By  means  of  tests
we  are  enabled,  in  the  first  place,  to  separate  those  who
have  the  requisite  ability  from  those  who  do  not,  regardless ­
  of  the  existence  of  the  moral  qualities.  Therefore,  the
large  number  of  applicants  who  have  not  the  necessary
ability  to  succeed  at  the  particular  job  in  question  are
rejected  at  once.  Those  who  have  the  necessary  ability
may  now  be  divided  into  two  classes,  those  who  have  the
necessary  moral  traits  and  those  who  have  not.  Because
psychological  tests  cannot  definitely  discover  the  presence
and  degree  of  the  moral  qualities,  the  psychological  examiner ­
  is  likely  to  recommend  both  of  these  groups  for  work.
Of  the  number,  some  will  undoubtedly  fail  because  even
though  they  have  the  requisite  ability  they  lack  the  necessary ­
  moral  traits.  There  remain,  then,  those  who  have