Full text : Das Finanzsystem des deutschen Reiches in politischer und wirtschaftlicher Beziehung

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the  scale  towards

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ber  (Ertrage  ber  gaftrlartenftempel  unb  ber  *!poftüberfcftüffe.  Der
Aentner  bagegen,  ber  otelleidE)!  ein  ^unggefelle  ift,  ijt  nttf)t  gegwungen,
  niel  gu  reifen,  niel  glorio  gu  uerftftreiben,  niel  35rot  gu
laufen.  An  iftm  nerbient  bas  SReicft  red)t  rnenig,  es  fei  benn,  baft
er  ftarler  Aaucfter  unb  S^napstrinler  märe.  2Bir  fragen,  tnie  nereinigen
  fid}  berartige  23efteuerungsgrunbfäfte  mit  ben  bo<ft  fteute
Allgemeingut  geworbenen  finangwiffenf(ftaftlid)en  Anforberungen
an  ein  rationelles  Steuerfreiem?
Der  alte  berühmte  Abam  Smitft  ft  at  biefe,  wenn  aucft  nicftt
guerft,  fo  bocft  in  llaffifift  geworbener  gorm  wie  folgt  fixiert:
1.  Das  %Sringtp  ber  ßeiftungsfäftigleit
2.  „  „  „  SBeftimmtfteit
3.  „  „  „  %eguemli(ftleit
4.  „  „  „  billigen  (Erftebungsloften,
inbem  er  folgenbe  Dftefen  bafür  aufftellt:
Adam  Smith,  Bd.  V.  ch.  2,  part.  2:
1.  The  Subjects  of  every  state  ought  to  contribute  towards  the  support
of  the  governement  as  nearly  as  possible,  in  proportion  of  their  respective  abilities, ­
  that  is,  in  proportion  to  the  revenue,  which  they  respectively  enjoy  under
the  protection  of  the  state.  (^Srinjtp  ber  , ( £eiftungsfäf)iglett“.)
2.  The  tax  which  each  individual  is  bound  to  pay  ought  to  be  certain  and
not  arbitrary.  The  time  of  payment,  the  manner  of  payment,  the  quantity
to  be  paid  ought  all  to  be  clear  and  plain  to  the  contributor  and  to  every  other
person.  (ißringip  ber  „Seftimmtljeit".)
3.  Every  tax  ought  to  be  levied  at  the  time  or  in  the  manner,  in  which
it  is  most  likely  to  be  convenient  for  the  contributor  to  pay  it.  (ißringip  ber
„33equemlict)teit".)
4.  Every  tax  ought  to  be  contrived  as  both  to  take  out  and  to  keep  out
of  the  pockets  of  the  people  as  little  as  possible,  over  and  above  what  it  brings
into,  the  public  treasury  of  the  state.  (Ißringip  ber  billigen  „Gr  I)  ebungs  toft  en“.)
Abolpft  SBagner  ft  at  biefe  (örunbfäfte  erweitert  unb  in  ein
Spftem  gebracht:
I.  ginangpolitifdje  %Sringipien:
1.  Ausreicftenbfteit  ber  SBefteuerung
2.  33emegli<ftteit  ber  SBefteuerung
II.  Aollswirtfcftaftlicfte  <J3ringipien:
3.  ÎBaftl  richtiger  Steuerquellen
4.  „  „  Steuerarten.
            
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