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EMPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGY 
numerable misfits, or rather, nojhs, men and women with 
out any special training or occupation, or with a training 
that leads to nothing in particular. As long as only 
a fraction of the population was required to work, this 
fact was not flagrantly evident; but as soon as the stress 
of war made some kind of work incumbent upon every 
body, the discrepancy became plain. Because of the un 
readiness of educational institutions, the work of re 
fitting and reeducating a people fell upon the industrial 
world. The success with which the problem was met by 
industries in all countries is one of the outstanding features 
of the war and a standing lesson to all educators. In the 
future there will be a much closer cooperation between 
educational and industrial institutions, and the problem 
of vocational guidance will receive much more careful 
attention. The application of tests in this connection 
will be of considerable value. 
In addition to the selection and training of workers for 
the more advanced types of work, work which requires 
special ability and training, there are many kinds of work 
in every large industry which do not deserve the name 
vocation. A vocation implies work which requires a cer 
tain degree of education, experience, and training, such 
as are required by a business, a profession, or a trade. 
It implies particularly the presence of features so inter 
esting that they are capable of engaging a man’s entire 
attention and ambition. A vocation is often desired as 
much for its own sake as for the sake of the financial 
reward which it brings. However, there are many kinds 
of work which do not possess these characteristics. A 
job analysis which covered the work of over eighteen 
thousand people showed that seventy-six per cent of 
the jobs required no particular previous experience or