ON SLAVE TEADE (EAST COAST OF AFRICA). 
155 
the government of his Arabian possessions, provision being made for certain of his sons as 
governors of certain places in liis Arabian possessions; and that the Prince Majeed, whom 
his Highness considered in the place of his deceased son Khaled, should succeed to the 
government of his African possessions, provision being made for others of his sons as 
governors of various places in his African possessions,” * 
8. No written statement of the late Syud Saeed’s wishes regarding the succession, as 
mentioned by Colonel Hamerton, has ever been found ; and the only will hitherto forth 
coming, as executed by his Highness, makes no provision whatever of that nature, but is 
confined almost exclusively to the disposal of his personal property.f Colonel Rigby, 
however, confirms Colonel Hamerton’s statements regarding the promotion of Syud 
Majeed to the post which had become vacant by the death of his elder brother Khaled, in 
these words: “The Prince Khaled was installed as ruler of the African dominions during 
his father’s absence at Muscat; and on his death, which occurred on the 7th November 
1854, his Highness passed over two of his sons, and appointed his fourth son Prince Majeed 
to succeed his deceased brother in the government of the African dominions ; and it was 
proclaimed to all the chief Arabs in open durbar that he was to be regarded exactly in 
the same position as Prince Khaled had held, and that he had succeeded to all his rights, 
and the future sovereignty of Zanzibar and the African dominions. The Prince Majeed 
thus continued to administer the government, acknowledged by all as the rightful heir to 
the sovereignty, by virtue of his father’s act, as publicly proclaimed.$ 
9. It does not appear, however, that this substitution of Syud Majeed in the place of 
Syud Khaled was ever officially notified by liis Highness Syud Saeed, either to the 
British or to any other foreign Governments in alliance with him ; § and Syud Majeed was 
unable to produce any native records attesting the arrangement as the act of the late 
sovereign. But the death of the latter was communicated by his Highness to Great 
Britain, France, and the United States of America; and letters of condolence were 
received by him in return from Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, from Her 
Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, from His Imperial Majesty 
the Emperor of the French, and from the President of the United States. || The two 
former contain no recognition of Syud Majeed’s sovereignty ; but in the reply of the 
Emperor of the French, and in that of the President of the United States, his Highness 
is congratulated on his accession to “ the supreme power,” and to “ the throne of the 
sultanry.” As no special mention, however, is made either of Muscat or Zanzibar in these 
documents, and Syud Thoweynee’s position and claims are entirely overlooked, it is highly 
probable that the two above-named Governments were unacquainted with the actual state 
of the case, and wrote under the impression that Syud Majeed was the sole, rightful, and 
acknowledged successor to the sovereignty of all the dominions of liis deceased father, 
Syud Saeed. 
10. The foregoing is a fair statement of the facts adduced from extraneous 
sources in support of Syud Majeed’s right to the sovereignty of Zanzibar and its African 
dependencies. His Highness himself rests his pretensions on similar grounds,^ namely, 
on the fact that, when his elder brother Khaled died, Syud Saeed appointed him Governor 
of Zanzibar in his stead, and notified the same to all the chiefs of Africa, as well as to the 
foreign consuls residing at Zanzibar ; that he was duly recognised as such by them, and 
that he had occupied that position two years prior to the death of his father, which event 
occurred while on a voyage from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1856. His Highness then pro 
ceeds to establish his claim to the sovereignty of Zanzibar em the ground of his having been 
elected thereto by the people. He writes, “ When I heard the report of my father’s 
death, I called together my brothers and family (only those, of course, who were present 
at Zanzibar at the time), and all the people in these parts from l ink (Delgado) to Marbat, 
in order that they might recognise me. To this they all 'agreed, and they accordingly 
elected me to be ruler over them, and entrusted me with the direction of their affairs.” 
He moreover considers that his sovereignty over Zanzibar and its African dependencies 
has already been acknowledged by the representatives of the different foreign powers who 
were in alliance with the late Syud Saeed, and he alleges that a similar recognition was 
virtually made by his brother Syud Thoweynee through his agent Mahomed bin Salem, 
who, on the death of their father, was sent from Muscat by the former fully empowered 
to treat with Syud Majeed on his behalf. The yearly grant which on that occasion he 
agreed to remit to his brother Thoweynee, Syud Majeed maintains was a purely friendly 
subsidy, and by no means a tribute recognising in any way the suzerainty of his brother 
Syud Thoweynee of Muscat.** 
11. Unfortunately no documentary proofs are forthcoming to decide the important 
question involved in the above transaction.^Syud Thoweynee contends that the grant 
was given and received as tribute, and the two brothers (who nevertheless now join in 
representing Mahomed bin Salem as a villain) confidently appeal to his statements formerly- 
made in support of their opposite assertions. My original impression therefore is con 
firmed, namely, that the agent, for his own private ends, deceived both parties, accepting 
the yearly grant at Zanzibar as a fraternal gift from Majeed to Thoweynee, and represent 
ing to the latter at Muscat that he had stipulated for it as a tribute involving the recognition 
by his brother of his suzerainty over Zanzibar and its African dependencies.;!; j: Two docu 
ments, however, indirectly bearing on this point, are attached in the Appendix.§§ The 
first is a letter from Mahomed bin Salem at Muscat to Luddah, the customs master at 
0.116 U 2 Zanzibar, 
Appendix, No. 8. 
* Letter from Colonel 
Rigby, No. 19 of 
1859. 
f Muscat Report, 
Appendix C. 
f Colonel Rigby’s 
letter, No. 4(j of 
1859. 
§ Appendix B, reply 
to Query 6. 
li Appendices C, D, 
E. F. 
Appendix L. 
** Appendix L, 
paragraphs 2 and 5. 
ft Appendix B. 
ff Muscat Report, 
paragraph 42. 
§§ Appendices G and 
11.