Volkswirtschaftspolitik

Denkschrift über die Maschinenindustrie der Welt, bestimmt für das Komitee B des Vorbereitenden Ausschusses der Internationalen Wirtschaftskonferenz des Völkerbundes

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1017897646

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-28310

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Borght, Richard van der http://d-nb.info/gnd/11625274X

Title:: Volkswirtschaftspolitik

Edition:: Zweite Auflage, Neudruck

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: G. J. Göschen'sche Verlagshandlung G.m.b.H.

Year of publication:: 1918

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (166 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Siebter Teil. Arbeiterwohlfahrtspolitik

Collection:: Economics Books

8 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA the crops were on the ground, and the rest was a mere matter of arithmetic. From the thirteenth to the nineteenth century we find these two methods of assessment, Sharing and Measure- ment, in competition, and sometimes existing side by side, a fact which suggests that, in actual practice, neither of them could claim any very definite superiority. Later in the period we hear of another method, which I shall describe as Contract: under it a peasant came to terms with the assessing officer to pay a fixed sum of money annually for his holding, whatever crops he might grow; and this method must be regarded as the érigin of that which now prevails over the greater part of the country as between landholder and tenant. B. ASSESSMENT THROUGH INTERMEDIARIES. [ have chosen the term Intermediaries to denote all the various classes authorised or permitted by the King to collect his share, and to retain a portion or the whole. Intermediaries may be classed as Chiefs, Representatives, Assignees, Grantees, and Farmers. Chiefs. —At the opening of the Moslem period, we find that large areas subject to the foreign kings remained in the hands of Hindu Chiefs,! who paid tribute for them in cash, and that the King’s officers did not normally deal with the peasants in these areas, or meddle in their internal administration. In the earliest records the more important Chiefs are spoken of as Riana, Rai, or Rao, titles which still survive; their use at this period indicates that the Chiefs had been in theory; if not in practice, sovereigns in their own right, and that they had submitted to the new rulers, retaining most of their previous jurisdiction. As time went on, the Chiefs came to be designated collectively as zamindars, and there is historical continuity between them and some of the zamindars of to-day, though there have been important alterations in the conditions of their tenure. In the past the Chiefs’ payments were determined ! I use the term Chief as the one least likely to mislead. The word zamindar has changed its significance in the course of history, and it now means different things in different parts of India, so it is better to avoid it in a general discussion.

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Full text: The agrarian system of Moslem India

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