Der deutsche Zollverein

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1018322442

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-37187

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Haase, Augustin http://d-nb.info/gnd/125014554

Title:: Die modernen Lösch- und Ladeeinrichtungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Seeschiffahrtsbetriebe

Place of publication:: Jena

Publisher:: Verlag von Gustav Fischer

Year of publication:: 1913

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Erster Abschnitt. Die geschichtliche Entwicklung des Hamburger Hafens und seiner Anlagen, jetziger Umfang und Frequenz seiner Anlagen

Collection:: Economics Books

PART IT. cial production of alcohol from cellulose will depend upon processes which combine the cheapness of the dilute acid process with the high and almost theoretical yields obtained when strong acids are used. Numerous attempts have been made, notably in North America, to convert the waste of the lumber industry, sawdust, tops, ete., into alcohol, and while the possibilities have been demonstrated under laboratory conditions, the success of the industry on a commercial scale has not been definitely proved. A ton of dry wood yields, under laboratory conditions, 15 to 219 of sugar or 33 gallons of alcohol, but in practice the yield is only about one half of this. The U.S.A. Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, stated (1921) the yield of alcohol from a plant handling 180 tons of wood waste daily to be 3,600 gallons at a cost of 25 cents a gallon. Their experiments showed that the yields varied according to the type of wood from 6.8 to 25.8 gallons per ton. The cost of manufacture with other plants operating in the States has been stated to vary from 6.4d. to 1/- per gallon. If the economical production of aleohol from waste wood by existing processes has not been definitely proved in Canada and the United States, then it is hardly possible in Kenya where the tonnage per acre is very much less. STRAW, ETC. : Attempts have also been made to obtain from straw, stalks, etc., by acid hydrolysis, yields of alcohol as high as from wood, and although processes have been patented no information is available of any operations on a commercial scale. The ratio of straw to grain in the case of maize and wheat, for example, is 1 to 1 and 1.7 to 1 respectively, and if the straw could be converted into alcohol the cost per gallon of the raw material from these crops would be reduced by one half. The production of maize spirit might then become possible. PROBABLE PRODUCTION OF COMPETITIVE FUELS. The problem of the synthetic production of alcohol and liquid hydrocarbons is occupying the attention of Chemists and Engineers, and it would not be out of place to consider briefly certain of these synthetic products. In the majority of the processes carbonaceous matter is converted into liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of hydrogen gas, and it is possible that before long catalytic hydrogenation will have solved the liquid fuel problem. Coal is the carbonaceous matter at present used for the production of these fuels and as the world’s reserves are estimated by authorities to be 3,000 years cheap production would prove a menace to the use of agricultural alcohol for power purposes. BERGINTSATION OF COAL—MOTALIN. The conversion of coal into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is the outcome of developments in the original process of Dr. Bergius. A conversion of as much as 859 of the coal by weight equivalent to a minimum of 140 gallons of liquid fuel per ton can be obtained by hydrogenation at increased temperature and pressure, and the liquid obtained is marketed as a motor spirit under the name of “« Motalin.”’ 46

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