Zur Wertzollfrage

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1024892336

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-42711

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Lissner, Julius http://d-nb.info/gnd/1115825569

Title:: Zur Wertzollfrage

Place of publication:: Leipzig

Publisher:: A. Deichert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Nachf.

Year of publication:: 1911

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Kapitel III. Zukunft und Ausbau des Wertzolls

Collection:: Economics Books

1 THEORY OF STATISTICS. Example i., and in that case, of course, the standard deviations will also require reduction to the mean. As the arithmetical process of calculating the correlation co- efficient from a grouped table is of great importance, we give two illustrations, the first economic, the second biological. Example ii., Table VIII.—The two variables are (1) X, the percentage of males over 65 years of age in receipt of Poor-law relief in 235 unions of a mainly rural character in England and Wales ; (2) Y, the ratio of the numbers of persons given relief out- doors” (in their own homes) to one “indoors” (in the workhouse). The figures refer to a one-day count (Ist August 1890, No. 36, 1890), and the table is one of a series that were drawn up with the view to discussing the influence of administrative methods on pauperism. (Economic Journal, vol. vi., 1896, p. 613.) The arbitrary origin for X was taken at the centre of the fourth column, or at 17'5 per cent. ; for ¥ at the centre of the fourth row, or 3-5. The following are the values found for the constants of the single distributions :— £= - 01532 intervals= — 0"77 per cent., whence J, = 16-73 per cent. o,=1'29 intervals = 6-45 per cent. 7j= + 0°36 intervals or units, whence J, = 3-86. 0, =2'98 units. To calculate 3(é7), the value of & is first written in every compartment of the table against the corresponding frequency, treating the class-interval as the unit: these are the figures in heavy type in Table VIII. In making these entries the sign of the product may be neglected, but it must be remembered that this sign will be positive in the upper left-hand and lower right- hand quadrants, negative in the two others. The frequencies are then collected as shown in columns 2 and 3 of Table VIIIa., being grouped according to the value and sign of é&y. Thus for én=1, the total frequency in the positive quadrants is 13+ 85 = 215, in the negative 14+6=20: for &=2, 10+45+1+45 =20 in the positive quadrants, 5+2+1+35=11'56 in the negative, and so on. When columns 2 and 3 are completed, they should first of all be checked to see that no frequency has been dropped, which may be readily done by adding together the totals of these two columns together with the frequency in row 4 and column 4 of Table VIII. (the row and column for which én=0), being careful not to count twice the frequency in the compartment common to the two; this grand total must clearly be equal to the total number of observations &, or 235 in the present case. The algebraic sum of the frequencies in each line of columns 2 and 3 is +892

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