Bevölkerungslehre

Zwei Bücher zur socialen Geschichte Englands

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 181333546X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-201592

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Mombert, Paul http://d-nb.info/gnd/117125342

Title:: Bevölkerungslehre

Place of publication:: Jena

Publisher:: Fischer

Year of publication:: 1929

Scope:: IV, 490 S.; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Zweiter systematisch-theoretischer Teil. Volkszahl, Volkswachstum und Nahrungsspielraum

Collection:: Economics Books

470 STUTTGART. “ kitchen verandah ”—is quite naturalised, and few modern houses are without it. The balconies are mostly placed behind, out of regard to the purposes for which they are universally used—chiefly the airing of bedding and drying of washed clothes—and consist of projecting galleries of ironwork, high enough to protect children from danger. They are highly appreciated, and tenements which have this convenience are greatly preferred to others. The practice of building round a courtyard is not characteristic of Stuttgart. The back house ( Hinterhaus) is not uncommon, but it is divided from the front by an ample space which allows of free light and ventilation for both structures, and this advantage is enhanced by that plan of building on the street line in detached blocks which has already been noted. Often the open space at the rear is large enough to serve as a drying ground for so many of the tenants as care to use it. A common washhouse is generally provided in the cellar, though the tenants who inhabit the higher floors often "find it more convenient to make shift as best they can in the attic or even in their little kitchens. The customary mode of heating is by means of tall iron stoves, for the tiled stove is not usual in South Germany. The cooking range is likewise an iron structure, and as it is a landlord’s fixture it is generally of poor quality. Coke is the fuel used in both cases. Gas cooking stoves are, however, on the increase, and the tenants take to them very readily, especially in the summer months. The following notes may be added relative to a typical block of working- class tenements which was visited. The house in question consists of four stories (including the ground floor), with souterrain and cellar. The height from the road level to the roof is 52 feet, the width is 32 ft. 6 ins., and the depth 48 ft. 9 ins. The cellar is divided into compartments for storage purposes, their dimensions being 9 ft. 9 ins. by 4 ft. 10& ins., and similar compartments are marked off in the souterrain, where are also found a washhouse and a workshop. The cellar is unlighted, while from the souterrain five small windows open to the street, being on a level with the pathway ; the height of the souterrain is about 8 ft. 3 ins., two-thirds being out of the ground. On each floor there are two tenements, each consisting of two rooms, a kitchen, and a corridor, with w.c. entered from the latter. The kitchens are placed behind, according to invariable rule, and each tenement has one front and one back room, the front room being lighted by a double window. The corridors are cut off from the small landings and are serviceable for storage purposes. The living-rooms on the ground floor are 14 ft. 5 ins. by 14 ft. 4 ins., and those on the upper stories 14 ft. 10 ins., by 14 ft. 4 ins., while the kitchens are all 10 ft. 6 ins. by 7 ft. 5 ins. ; the height of the rooms is about 9 ft. 9 ins. The attic space is divided into store rooms. At the present time rents are fairly stationary in Stuttgart, much to the relief of the householders of this highly-rented town, and it is doubtful whether they have increased more than five per cent, during the last five years in the case of working-class tenements. At the same time many houses have become dearer without any direct raising of the rents, for with a change of tenants the landlords have transferred to the new-comers the water rate, the chimney cleaning charge, and other like obligations which beforetime had been included in the rent. The records of the Municipal House Bureau show that the average rent of one-room dwellings in 1905, taking the whole town and suburbs, with out distinction of locality or class, was £8 5s., and in 1904 was £8 7s. Taking Stuttgart proper, without the incorporated environs, the average rent of such dwellings was £8 9s. in 1905 and £8 10s. in 1904. The average rent of a two- room dwelling in Stuttgart and suburbs was £15 7s. in 1905 and £15 9s. in 1904 ; and in Stuttgart alone £15 16s. and £15 17s. respectively. Finally, the average rent of a three-room dwelling in Stuttgart and suburbs in 1905 was £23 11s. and in 1904 £23 14s., and in Stuttgart alone £24 10s. and £24 4s. respectively. Perhaps the circumstance which has most powerfully contributed to bring about this comparative stability of rents is the growth of the suburbs, coupled with the increasing facilities for communication both within the enlarged municipal area and between Stuttgart and the adjacent towns. The rents of working-class dwellings are, as might be expected, slightly lower ; an investiga tion of 1,550 dwellings made in 1906 for the purpose of this inquiry gave the following as the predominant rents :—

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