92 SELLING LATIN AMERICA 
tory and was assassinated in front of his palace 
in 1541. 
The great wealth which Peru, through her 
rich mines, contributed to Spain, warranted 
that country in making this possession a vice 
royalty, the viceroy at one time governing all 
Spanish possessions in South America from 
Lima. 
The movement for independence from 
Spanish control, started early in the last cen 
tury, found many adherents in Peru and after 
several reverses the yoke of Spain was thrown 
off July 28, 1821, a congress organized in 1822, 
representing a republican form of government 
and the first president inaugurated in 1823. 
In 1879, over a question of boundary lines, 
Peru became involved in a war with Chile, 
lasting five years, the result being the defeat 
of Peru and the invasion of its capital. As a 
consequence, Peru ceded one of its richest 
provinces, Tarapaca, outright to Chile, and 
the territories of Tacna and Arica condition 
ally for ten years, at the end of which period a 
vote was to be taken in these provinces, and