352 
MÜLHAUSEN. 
journeys a year to Manchester, travelling on horseback to the nearest French 
port and similarly forward from Dover, and bringing back “ per axle ” loads 
of calico to print. The engineering trade is also an old and extensive one, 
and the largest firm employs several thousands of workpeople. There are 
several chemical works in the town and neighbourhood, and besides its 
industries Mülhausen has a large trade in timber, grain, and wine. 
The classification of the " industrial workpeople ” of the town, engaged in 
undertakings subject to factory inspection, is shown in the following table, which 
refers to October 1st, 1905 :— 
Groups of Trades. 
Number 
of 
Establish 
ments. 
Number of Workpeople. 
Males 
over 
16 years. 
Females 
over 
16 years. 
Juveniles, 
14 to 
16 years. 
Children 
under 
14 years. 
Total. 
Building 
Metal working 
Machine, implement, and appa 
ratus making. 
Textile 
Clothing and cleaning 
Printing, lithography, bookbind 
ing, &c. 
Paper .. ... ... ... 
Woodworking and carving 
Chemicals ... 
Resins, varnishes, oil, soap, 
candles, &c. 
Stone and earth ... 
Food, drink, and tobacco... 
Leather ... ... ... ... 
Miscellaneous 
Total 
73 
35 
63 
116 
24 
28 
10 
29 
16 
3 
15 
48 
4 
14 
478 
2,030 
291 
5,226 
5,492 
59 
190 
54 
216 
175 
180 
161 
289 
23 
520 
14,906 
6 
15 
6,902 
317 
35 
40 
3 
16 
1 
6 
59 
7,407 
23 
47 
290 
1.346 
44 
37 
16 
14 
8 
3 
3 
9 
30 
1,870 
2 
1 
158 
7 
2 
1 
1 
173 
2,053 
346 
5,532 
13,898 
427 
264 
111 
234 
199 
184 
170 
358 
23 
557 
24,356 
From this table it will be seen that the textile trade employed 13,898 
of the total of 24,356 workpeople subject to factory inspection, or 57T per cent., 
while 5,878 workpeople, or 24T per cent., belonged to the metal and machine 
trades. Of the workpeople enumerated in the foregoing table, 8,462 or 34*7 per 
cent, were females, and of these 93 per cent, were engaged in the textile trade. 
Of the workers in the textile trade 60'9 per cent, were females. 
The great mass of the workpeople are Alsatians. Few of them are from 
the textile districts of North Germany, and those who come to Mülhausen in 
search of work seldom remain long, for they do not get on well with the native 
population, which associates more harmoniously with Germans of the South. 
A large number of Italians are found in the factories, men who originally 
came as navvies and outdoor labourers, but have turned to machine work, 
and show a tolerable aptitude for it. They are not efficient workers at first, 
but as soon as they master their new language—by which must be understood a 
local patois—they earn fairly good wages, though they are always distributed 
amongst the other operatives. In one bleaching works no fewer than 100 Italians 
are engaged with satisfaction to their employers. 
One never hears complaint of " driving ” in the textile factories, but on the 
other hand the employers complain of the Alsatian worker’s too easy-going 
disposition and unwillingness to exert continued effort. 
In the cotton factories spinners earn from 27s. to 30s. per week, weavers, 
both male and female, from 16s. 6d. to 19s. 67. In the woollen trade spinners 
earn from 28s. 10,7. to 32s. In the printing works printers earn from 28s. to 
30s., and their assistants from 15s. to 18s. The wages of labourers in the 
allied chemical trade range from 27s. to 30s. for skilled men and 18s. to 2L$. 
for unskilled men, but the predominant rate for the latter is 18s. 
The following table, courteously supplied by a manufacturing firm of high 
standing, shows the weekly wages in the cotton industry during the past