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EMPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGY 
development of vocational and educational work in indus 
tries. 
The vocational activity of an industry has two as 
pects—first, the selection of new candidates for the work 
for which by training and education they are best fitted; 
and second, the selection from new applicants and old 
employees of those who are to be given special training for 
certain kinds of work. The first phase is more strictly an 
employment activity, while the latter, although also a 
phase of employment, is more strictly an educational 
activity. Almost every industry of any importance has 
its own educational department or function. The work of 
this department varies with different organizations, but 
in general, it may include the following activities: First, 
an apprentice course in which boys are given a three or 
four year training in tool making, drafting, pattern mak 
ing, or some other trade, depending upon the particular 
kind of work which predominates in the industry. Sec 
ondly, training shops or vestibule schools, in which work 
ers are given a short course of training covering the 
immediate work to which they have been assigned. This 
work may be office or clerical work, salesmanship, as 
sembling, telephone-switchboard operating, bench work, 
machine operating, or any work which is characteristic of 
the particular industry. Thirdly, periodic classes in sub 
jects which are of general or particular interest and value 
to employees of the company. Classes in gardening, 
millinery, cooking, basket weaving, telegraphy, stenog 
raphy, English, mathematics, slide-rule reading, me 
chanical drawing, are characteristic of this phase of 
educational work. Fourthly, special “Training Courses 
like those now conducted by many of the railroads and 
larger industries which aim to give a small group of well'