THE VOCATIONAL VALUE OF TESTS 173 
educated and specially qualified young men a general 
knowledge of the work of the organization, with a view 
to preparing them to fill the higher executive positions. 
In the first flush of enthusiasm with which various 
organizations adopted an educational program, the work 
of education was often carried on in a most profligate and 
indiscriminating manner. Often it was done entirely 
■without consideration for the needs and benefits of the 
organization fostering it, and as if the industry were 
obliged to educate and uplift, regardlessly, every one of its 
employees. The result of these attempts has been a most 
unfavorable discrepancy between the energy expended and 
the results achieved. Instead of solving the vocational 
problems of the organization, the practice created new 
problems which the organization was left to settle. Out 
of these earlier unsuccessful trials, the following princi 
ples have emerged: First, the primary aim of the educa 
tional work carried on within an industrial organization 
ls to train employees for immediate usefulness within the 
organization itself. Secondly, the more general forms of 
e ducation can be better carried on and, from every point 
°f view, should be conducted by community rather than 
private enterprise. 
Even when vocational education is considered in its 
most practical aspect, the organization still raises the 
Questions: How far shall our educational facilities be ex 
tended? How shall we guide the right employee into the 
tight course of instruction ? How can we guard ourselves 
against wasting effort by teaching the wrong thing to the 
Strong man? These are exactly the questions which the 
employment manager must also ask when he is in the act 
°f hiring a new employee; for nearly all work involves a 
eertain amount of training and education, and any mistake