3^4

EMPLOYMENT  PSYCHOLOGY

between  two  antagonistic  forces.  It  can  be  achieved  only
by  the  combined  effort  of  an  entire  community,  and  that
effort  must  be  concentrated  upon  education.  Just  as  the
neglect  of  education  has  made  the  present  situation  possible, ­
  so  the  development  and  increase  of  education  must
make  it  impossible.  Industrial  stability  and  a  healthy
state  of  employment  can  be  achieved  only  when  labor
parties,  industries,  educational  institutions,  and  in  fact,
the  entire  national  community,  cooperate.  And  this  cooperation ­
  must  concentrate  on  educating  the  youth  of
the  land  for  work  which  commands  their  interest  and  their
ingenuity.
The  objections  which  will  be  immediately  voiced  to
such  a  proposal  are:  first,  that  it  will  result  in  a  superabundance ­
  of  educated  and  expert  workers,  and  will
thereby  deprive  society  of  the  ignorant  and  uncouth
workers  who  will  always  be  required  to  do  the  dirty  work;
secondly,  it  will  tend  to  retard  the  development  of  the
many  labor-saving  mechanical  devices  which  have  to  so
large  an  extent  brought  about  the  minute  division  of
labor.  In  answer  to  the  first  of  these  contentions,  it  may
be  said  that  never,  in  the  history  of  civilization,  has  there
been,  so  far  as  we  know,  a  superfluity  of  educated  men
or  trained  artisans.  Never  was  the  need  for  trained  experts ­
  and  skilled  workers  more  painfully  felt  than  during
the  course  of  the  war.  Moreover,  it  is  safe  to  prophesy
that  no  possible  program  of  education  can  ever  raise  all
men  to  exactly  the  same  level  of  ability  and  knowledge.
There  will  always  be  the  two  extremes  of  highly  educated
and  poorly  educated  workers,  and  the  large  middle  class
of  workers  with  only  a  fair  education.  This,  however,
does  not  mean  that  there  must  always  be  men  and  women
to  do  the  dirty  work  as  it  is  being  done  now.  The  reason