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In 1833 the attention of Parliament was directed
 to three leading vices in the frame of the Indian
Government. The first was in the nature of the
Laws and Regulations; the second was in the illdefined
 authority and power from which these
various Laws and Regulations emanated ; and the
third was the anomalous and sometimes conflicting
judicatures hy which the laws were administered ;
or, in other words, the defects were in the laws themselves,
 in the authority for making them, and in the
manner of executing them. The Judges of the
Supreme Court at Calcutta thus expressed themselves
 in reference to this subject :—¢ In this state of
circumstances, no one can pronounce an opinion, or
form a judgment, however sound, upon any disputed
right of persons, respecting which doubt and confusion
 may not be raised by those who may choose
to call it in question ; for very few of the public
or persons in office at home, not even the law
officers, can be expected to have so comprehensive
and clear a view of the Indian system as to
know readily and familiarly the bearings of
sach part of it on the rest. There are English
Acts of Parliament specially provided for India,
and others of which it is doubtful whether they
apply to India wholly, or in part, or not at all.
There is the English common law and constitution,
of which the application is, in many respects, still
more obscure and perplexed ; Mahomedan law and
nsage ; Hindu law, usage, and scripture ; Charters