FOREIGN TRADE ZONES 
from whatever cause, reduces the annual cargo capacity and increases 
the cost per ton. The reduction of time and expense in port is one 
of the objects to be attained through the elimination of customs for- 
malities and the more expeditious loading and discharging of vessels 
in free ports as compared with customs ports. 
In the free port of Copenhagen it is found that, on an average, 25 
tons of goods in sacks, 15 tons to 20 tons of miscellaneous merchandise, 
and approximately 15 tons of oil cake are discharged per hour and that 
from 1,200 to 1,400 tons of grain are discharged per day of eight hours. 
There are no figures available to make a comparison between the 
discharge capacity in the free port and the general harbor, but it is 
generally understood that the faster service obtains in the free port. 
At the free port of Malmo, where the most modern equipment for 
loading and unloading goods is available, quicker dispatch can be 
obtained than in the general harbor. The free port is equipped with 
nine traveling cranes of from 214 to 5 tons capacity, which are oper- 
ated by electricity. Six of these cranes are situated on the quay in 
front of and east of the warehouse. By means of these cranes goods 
can be discharged direct from the vessel to any of the floors or the 
basement of the warehouse. The other three cranes, each of 3 to 5 
tons capacity, are erected on the quay, west of the warehouse, and 
are constructed for discharging cargo. Other facilities, such as hoists 
in the warehouse and weighing machines for wholesale quantities, 
contribute to quicker dispatch in the free harbor than in the customs 
harbor. 
On account of the up-to-date equipment at the free port of Stock- 
holm, vessels are loaded and unloaded there as fast or faster than 
at the other terminals of the harbor, giving a quick turn-around for 
ships. It is said that the ordinary time required for loading 1,000 
tons of cargo in an ocean freighter is eight hours. 
The dispatch secured in loading and unloading vessels in the free 
harbor of Gothenburg is equal to that in the general or customs 
harbor. 
The free port of Hamburg takes a great deal of pride in its loading 
and unloading equipment. In the installation of such equipment 
the principle of combining the utmost possible speed in the handling 
of cargo with the provision of every safeguard for its protection against 
damage has been applied. The authorities at Hamburg have used 
every effort to eliminate all delays and no expense has been spared 
to keep the port abreast of the times in such development. There 
are 1,915 hoisting appliances available for transshipment purposes, 
12 stationary heavy-lift cranes on shore, 916 traveling quay cranes 
on water side of quay sheds, 178 stationary cranes near quay sheds, 123 
floating steam winches, 22 floating cranes, and many other cranes, float- 
ing coal and grain elevators in the free harbor. Statistics are not avail- 
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