4 MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES
certain non-Russian races, such as the Poles and Hebrews, many of
whom come from Russia. It will be noted that the three leading
races in number of immigrants were the South Italians, Hebrews,
and Poles, in the order named.
TABLE 5.—IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF LEADING RACES:
1908-1923.
(Thousands of persons)
NET IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION -! es
. PER CENT OF
Numser IMMIGRATION
ToraL—ALL Races» 9.950 3.498 6.452 64.8
South ITALIAN. ... ..... 1,724 970 755 43.8
Huennew..... . uinidd 959 32 907 94.6
Pons... ol 789 318 471 59.7
ENeusa.. ......... 0.0 707 146 560 79.2
BERMAN, |. ui hi inde 670 120 550 82.1
SCANDINAVIAN.......... 449 98 351 78.2
Tormey ou, 433 46 386 89.1
BEEK... 366 169 198 54.1
NortH ITALIAN......... 302 147 155 51.3
RUSSIAN.......... 0. 210 110 100 47.6
7 20 Smpiled from data given in the Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration, 1923, 5
“bIncluding the races not listed in this table.
°Net immigration =immigration less emigration. Computed from the original statistics before they
were reduced to thousands.
Racial Differences in the Ratio of Emigrants to Immigrants.
For all races, including those not listed separately in Table 5,
the net immigration, or immigration less emigration, equals about
sixty-five per cent of gross immigration. The tendency to emigrate
is far from equal in the several races or peoples. In general, the
percentage of permanent residents is high for the Hebrews and the
races of northern and western Europe and low for the races of
southern and eastern Europe except the Hebrews. Though the
incoming South Italians far exceeded in number the immigrants of
any other race, the net immigration for this race was only forty-four
per cent of arriving immigrants in the fiscal years 1908 to 1923;
while it was almost ninety-five per cent for the Hebrews, eightynine
 per cent for the Irish, and over eighty per cent for the Germans.
In other words, the Germans, Irish, and Hebrews ordinarily come
to stay; but large numbers of the South Italian immigrants, after
a more or less short period of labor and saving, return to their native

i4
RACE