PART 11.
agriculture is almost the sole industry upon which the
sustenance and advancement of the African peoples depend—
a principle which has already been emphasized by the Phelps-Stokes
 Commission;
'n) It is further considered that, for the development of native
agriculture, a staff of Africans trained in agriculture and
capable of performing the duties of agricultural instructors is
essential; and it is urged that the necessary provision should
also be made for the systematic training of African teachers in
agriculture for schools in native areas.
MUTUAL SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC BALANCE BETWEEN
NATIVES PRODUCING FOR EXTERNAL, AND THOSE
PRODUCING FOR INTERNAL, CONSUMPTION.
Mr. KIRBY made the following statement: —
By production for external consumption is meant production for
export.
Partly because of the liability to dearth, more or less extensive in
any one season in Tanganyika Territory, the tendency has been to
encourage every native grower to produce food crops in addition to
any purely economic (export) crop such as cotton.
The world’s development has shown that this method of ** every
man his own provider ’ is uneconomic, especially in that (1) those
who possess no economic (export) crop yielding a comparatively large
monetary return per acre, such as cotton, possess in times of shortage
little or no money for buying food; and in that (2) it limits the
circulation of money, that economic necessity for general prosperity,
in the country itself.
There are signs already in East Africa (Tanganyika and Uganda
particularly) of the development of the African producer who grows
cotton as a main crop, others being subsidiary, chiefly for rotation.
It does not appear wise that this type of producer should be
discouraged.
With improved transport facilities distxicts whose distance limits
their production for export (such as Kigoma, Ufipa, Rungwe, Songea
in Tanganyika), or which are unsuited to cotton (Dodoma in
Tanganyika) are likely to become producers of food for (among others
such as plantation labourers) natives concentrating more particularly
on cotton growing. These natives will extend the market for the
food-crops of the former, of no value for export; and those will
become indirectly producers of cotton, as their activities will enable
the native cotton grower to use land for it that he would otherwise
cultivate for foodstuffs.
: Development in this direction, so that natives in the more remote
districts may help indirectly the exports (of both native and nonnative
 origin) of a country to figure increasingly in the trade of the
world, is regarded as natural and important for encouragement.
(The above was circulated in the form of a note under T.C.(C)Ag.12.)

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