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CHAPTER I 
MONEY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY 
The Hustorical Aspect of Liberty 
UTY, claim, right, and obligation are in the last 
D analysis only names for a one-sided aspect of dual 
relationships. Every duty has as its correlative 
the right of another subject. This right or claim may have 
for its content the personal services, the immediate result 
of these personal services, or merely a specific object. This 
series is also a scale for the amount of liberty that is left to 
the person thus bound. The extreme form of the first in- 
stance is slavery. In that case there is no objective speci- 
fication of the service demanded, but the individual is 
bound with the whole of his personality and all his energies. 
The transition to the second phase begins with the speci- 
fication of the labor time or of the character of the work. 
The third phase is reached if, instead of a quantum labor 
time or labor force, a specific product is demanded. In 
that case the claimant is interested only in a specific objec- 
tive obligation. How that obligation is met becomes a mat- 
ter of indifference to him, and the personality of the serv- 
ant can withdraw from the service. 
But as long as the natural economy lasts, a complete 
liberation cannot be obtained. The intimate relationship 
between product and producer prevents a complete with- 
drawal of the personality from the service demanded, al- 
though the substitution of a factual service for a personal 
service means increased liberty. Full liberation becomes 
possible only after the money economy has succeeded the