116 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 
we know are not true. We ought not to take advantage of the Supreme Court's 
procedure by framing legislation which in form only is constitutional but which in 
substance is in deadily conflict with the requirements of our organic law. 
And apropos with what has been said with respect to appropriations 
made by Congress in the past in aid of matters wholly within the 
States, but which I will show are easily distinguishable from the pro- 
posals of this bill, the distinguished Senator said the time was ripe to 
reject the question and inquired: “Have we not gone far enough, in- 
deed too far, in the direction of centralization?” 
Now, Mr. Chairman, what does this bill propose to do? It pro- 
poses to establish in the Department of Labor a bureau to be known 
as the United States Employment Service. You have that already, 
but the law under which it now operates is to be repealed and this 
becomes the substitute legislation. The director general is to be 
appointed by the President, with the advise and consent of the Senate, 
at a salary of $10,000 per annum. He is authorized to appoint a 
woman assistant director general subject to him, and it shall be the 
province and duty of the bureau to establish and maintain a national 
system of employment offices for men, women, and juniors who are 
legally qualified to engage in gainful occupations, and, in the manner 
hereinafter provided, to assist in establishing and maintaining sys- 
tems of public employment offices in the several States and the politi- 
cal subdivisions thereof. The bureau is further authorized to fur- 
nish and publish information as to opportunities for employment, 
to maintain a system for clearing labor between the States, and to 
do this by establishing and maintaining uniform standards, policy, 
and procedure, and aiding in the transportation of workers to places 
of employment. And the service is directed to be impartial, neutral 
in labor disputes, and free from political influence, an addition to 
and a great improvement over the original bill, so far as there is no 
suggestion made except one calling for the voluntary cooperation of 
existing agencies, public in their nature, between the States, and 
endeavoring to secure their coordination in cooperation with the 
Federal service. 
Apart from details, then, the essential policy and purpose of 
the measure to which we direct your attention is this: The bill 
authorizes an appropriation of $4,000,000 per annum for four years, 
a total of $16,000,000. Seventy-five per cent of this appropriation, 
or. $3,000,000 per year, is to be apportioned among the several 
States in the proportion which their population bears to that of the 
United States. That sum is to be employed in the establishment 
of public employment offices in the States in accordance with the 
following plan: Wherever the State, through its legislature, author- 
izes an existing employment agency or establishes one to cooperate 
with the Federal agency, the director general apportions up to 
his allotment an amount equal to that appropriated by the State 
for the support of such State agency, not to exceed, of course, 5 
per cent of the 50 per cent of the amount necessary to operate the 
agency. But—and this is the vital and controlling feature—each 
State must submit to and receive the approval of the director gen- 
eral of employment for its plan of operation before the State may 
receive Federal aid; and while receiving it the State agency must 
continually report operations in such form as the director general 
prescribes. He alone determines whether the State offices are,