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250 
HAMBURG. 
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1900, 30*2 ; 1901, 29 1 ; 1902, 28'2 ; 1903 and 1904, 27 1 ; and 1905, 26 8. 
The rate for the town alone was 25*8 per 1,000 in 1905, against 25*2 in 1904. 
The death-rate in the town has fallen from 17 3 per 1,000 in 1896 to 15*8 
in 1905. The highest rate in 1905 occurred in the working-class district of 
Barmbeck, viz., 21*9 per 1,000, and districts of the Old Town, 19*9 per 1,000 ; 
while the residential suburbs of Harvestehude and Rotherbaum had rates of 9*3 
and 10 4 per 1,000 respectively. The rate of infant mortality in 1905 was 174 
per 1,000 births against 167 in 1904. It formed 28 3 per cent, of the total 
deaths in 1905, against 27'5 per cent, in 1904, 27*7 in 1903, 25*2 in 1902, and 
32-4 in 1901. 
The following Table gives the birth and death rates and the infantile 
mortality rates of Hamburg for a period of five years :— 
Year. 
Birth rate per 1,000 
of population. 
Death rate per 1,000 
of population. 
Infantile mortality 
per 1,000 births. 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1901 
1905 
27-9 
27 1 
261 
252 
25-8 
17-1 
16 4 
16 7 
15 3 
15-8 
199 
152 
178 
167 
174 
The deaths from pulmonary consumption were 1 *55 per 1,000 of the 
population in 1905, while the deaths from tuberculosis of all kinds gave a rate 
•of 2 per 1,000 inhabitants. The highest rate of mortality from consumption in 
1905 occurred in the northern portion of the Old Town, viz., 2'06 per 1,000 
inhabitants, comparing with a minimum rate of 0*34 per 1,000 in the 
Harvestehude residential suburb. 
Altona has a slightly higher birth-rate than Hamburg, viz., 26 2 per 1,000 
in 1905, and the decline since 1896 has been less, for the rate then was 33'7 
against 35 1 in Hamburg (the whole State). The death-rate of Altona in 1905 
was 16*5 per 1,000 against 15*8 in Hamburg, and the infant mortality rate was 
179 per 1,000 births against 174 in Hamburg, but here, too, there has been a 
steady improvement during recent years. 
A Table is appended giving the birth and death rates and the infant 
mortality rates of Altona for a series of years : — 
Year. 
Birth rate per 1,000 
of population 
Death rate per 1,000 
of population. 
Infantile mortality 
per 1,000 births. 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
307 
29-7 
27 5 
27 5 
26-2 
194 
16-9 
17 1 
16 7 
16-5 
236 
155 
184 
183 
179 
Both at Hamburg and Altona various organisations outside the Poor Law 
endeavour more or less successfully to cope with the problems of disease and 
poverty. In the interest of infants there are free dispensaries and creches ; a 
forest sanatorium for consumptive children from the elementary schools is con 
ducted in a healthy neighbourhood an hour distant ; there are Holiday Colonies 
for the children of poor parents ; while, for the benefit of the labouring classes, 
there are labour registries, cheap lodging-houses, shelters for the homeless, 
people’s kitchens and coffee-houses, and societies which help needy tenants to 
pay their rents. 
Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. 
In Hamburg, industry is secondary to the shipping trade ; in Altona, 
industry predominates, and the shipping trade is relatively insignificant. In 
1905 the " industrial workpeople ” of the Free State, as enumerated by the 
Factory Inspector, formed 7*3 per cent, of the entire population, while the 
corresponding percentage in Altona in 1906 was 10*3 per cent. The ratio in 
Berlin was 12*5 per cent.