214 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA 
that “since the jama-i mamailik of Gujarat had not reached the 
headquarter record-office after ascertainment, Raja Todar Mal 
was sent to Gujarat to determine the jama-i wildyat accurately, 
and to make over the amended schedule to the record-office.” 
The second records that the Raja, “who had gone to Gujarat 
to correct the jama-i wilayit, returned to Court, and [after 
compliments] presented the amended record relating to the 
jama of Gujarat.” We may infer that the provincial administra- 
tion had been instructed to ascertain the true Valuation, but had 
failed to do so; consequently, the Raja was deputed to effect 
the business. It will be noticed that this writer speaks first of 
the ‘aggregate of the provinces,” then of the ‘‘aggregate of 
the country,” and then of the “aggregate of Gujarat,” the 
three phrases being obviously synonymous. 
(2) Again, the Akbarnama (iii. 726 ff) attributes the peasants’ 
rebellion in Kashmir shortly after its annexation to the oppression 
exercised by the new assignees, who (besides other mistakes) 
had foolishly demanded the full jama. Here jama cannot mean 
Demand, because to demand the Demand would be neither 
folly nor oppression. The point is that the original Valuation 
on which the Assignments were granted was excessive; and 
the attempts of the assignees to realise their full expected 
Income, without consideration of the actual position, drove 
the peasants into rebellion. That this is the true reading is 
clear from the action taken by the Emperor. First, in order to 
deal with the actual emergency, he limited the assignees’ Income 
to one-half of the Produce, in accordance with the local standard 
of Demand, and ordered them to refund to the peasants whatever 
they had collected in excess of this amount; next, in order to 
provide for the future (Igbalndma, ii. 453), he ordered the 
preparation of a new Valuation, which should be in accordance 
with the facts, and would thus prevent the recurrence of similar 
trouble. 
The sense “Valuation” persists in the literature of the seven- 
teenth century. Thus the Badshihnima records (II. 360), 
that when the Chief of Palimau was, after some trouble, brought 
into the Empire, a jama of one kror of dams was fixed on his 
country, which was then assigned to him at this figure. Here 
jama cannot possibly mean the Demand on the peasants: the 
transaction was, I take it, purely formal, in the sense that there 
was no question of any monev being received or paid. All