Appendix G. 
THE AGRARIAN STATISTICS IN THE AIN. 
IN this Appendix I discuss certain features of the statistical 
matter contained in the “Account of the Twelve Provinces,” 
which has been described in Chapter IV, sec. 6. At the end of 
the account of each province there is a paragraph giving the pro- 
vincial figures; following this, each district (sarkar) is treated in 
order, a sentence giving the district figures being followed by a 
table giving those for each sub-division (pargana or mahal), 
together with occasional notes showing the existence of forts, 
minerals, or, in a few cases, natural curiosities. The general 
arrangement may be exemplified by the paragraph dealing with 
the province of Agra (Ain, i. 442). 
“Sixteen districts and 203 subdivisions belong to it. Measured 
land, 2,78,62,189 bighas, and 18 biswas, Aggregate (jamal), 
54,62,50,304 dims. Out of this, I1,21,05,7034 dams, Grants. 
Local force, 50,681 cavalry, and 577,570 infantry; 221 elephants.” 
The paragraphs dealing with the other provinces are generally in 
the same form, the most important variation being the omission 
of any reference to measured land in the case of certain provinces. 
We may regard these statistics either as compiled specially for 
record in the Ain, or, more probably, as a reproduction of records 
already existing in the Revenue Ministry; but on either hypo- 
thesis we must treat them as a whole, and recognise that, to the 
compilers, there was probably some connection between the 
different items, which justified them in setting out, for instance, 
the strength of the local forces alongside of the Aggregate and 
the Grants. 
Looking first at the figures for Measured land, we find areas 
given for the whole, or the greater part, of ten provinces— 
Multan, Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Awadh, Allahabad, Milwa, Ajmer, 
Bihar and Gujarat. The first eight of these are the provinces 
which Akbar brought under direct administration in the 19th 
year; we know therefore that in them (or rather in the greater 
part of them) the cultivated land had in fact been. measured for 
assessment during a series of years. On the other hand there is 
no record of area for any part of Bengal (including Orissa), 
Khandesh, Berar, Sind, Kashmir, and Kabul, provinces where 
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