112 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES 
mate and effective. The Pastoral Letter includes in its defi- 
nition more liberal provisions than are found in the defini- 
tion of the railroad employees. It says that “a living wage 
includes not merely decent maintenance for the present, but 
also a reasonable provision for such future needs as sick- 
ness, invalidity, and old age.” 
HARRY F. WARD, PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY, 
BOSTON UNIVERSITY! 
The principle of the living wage was so thoroughly incor- 
porated in the life of the Hebrew community that when Paul 
writes to Timothy he cites it in illustration of the truth that 
a good soldier of Jesus Christ must accept his share of sui- 
fering. . . . “The harvest man who labors in the field must 
be the first to get a share of the crop.” . . . 
.. In the face of the clear teaching of Scripture, the 
church dare not fail to proclaim the necessity of a living 
wage. If Christianity is to be expressed in a community life 
upon the earth, this principle is basic, and the pulpit must 
cry aloud without ceasing until it is put at the center of our 
industrial organization. In the face of modern social injus- 
tice, the church must ever uphold this ideal of a community 
life in which all persons have the means for full develop- 
ment in order that this ideal may call economists, legislators, 
and industrial leaders to work out the methods by which it 
can be realized. . . . 
A living wage for adult male workers means a wage that 
will support a family, because the highest welfare of the 
community demands that all men shall be able to maintain 
a family, and that the family life shall not be broken down 
by the enforced labor of the mother and the children. The 
standard living wage for adult males is a wage which will 
maintain the average family of five—a man, wife, and three 
children under fourteen. 
1 “The Living Wage a Religious Necessity.” American Baptist Publication 
Society, 1916. Pp. 3-8-10.