PART II. ; 
were sent back to their native villages to work as real agriculturists 
under Government control. Various agricultural schools existed in 
the country, and in some parts agricultural shows were organised. 
In every district agricultural officers in charge included native 
instruction in their programme of work; under their advice and control 
native model gardens were made, oxen were trained, mechanical 
culture taught, selected seed distributed, adequate rotation of crops 
planted, and encouragement given for the distribution of interesting 
varieties of various food erops. 
It might be said that some natives already quite realised the 
advantages of more advanced agricultural methods, and in some parts 
of the Congo (Uele, Maniema, Sankuru, ete.) a fair amount of export 
produce was already grown. In addition, it must be understood that 
economical conditions in a colony like the Belgian Congo were quite 
different from those in other countries of East Africa, where mining 
industries did not exist. In the Belgian Congo those industries (gold, 
copper, diamonds, ete.) required a great amount of labour, and the 
Agricultural Department in the Belgian Congo aimed, in the first 
place, at producing food for these mining labourers. Produce for 
export was, nevertheless, becoming very important, especially in 
respect of cotton. 
Mr. KIRBY referred to the Kilimanjaro Native Planters’ Coffee 
Association, a society that had made considerable progress. The 
natives concerned were the Wachagga, who were a progressive 
agricultural tribe. The Society, as far as possible, managed its own 
affairs with the sympathetic assistance of the Department of 
Agriculture and the Administration. There was a small fee for 
membership. The Society had drawn up rules, and its chief object 
was to form a public opinion among natives which would foster good 
coffee production and preparation. It also graded and exported the 
coffee of its members for sale in London. The Society had no legal 
powers; it would, however, be able to report cases where preparation 
or cultivation were unsatisfactory, and legal action would then be 
taken, if required, by the Department of Agriculture. The Society 
was young, but popular, and it was, as far as could be seen at present, 
likely to do very useful work. That was, so far, the only kind of 
native agricultural co-operation which existed in Tanganyika Territory. 
Mr. WORTLEY thought it very desirable that a resolution should 
be passed urging on the various Governments that as far as possible, 
education in the different territories should be given a strong 
agricultural bias. 
* Mr. MILLIGAN said that the subject of agricultural education 
was brought up before the Agricultural Department in India about 20 
years ago: it was rather pressed upon the Department because the 
educated community in India were themselves anxious to see the 
peasantry placed on a satisfactory footing. The Agricultural Depart- 
ment, wisely, he thought, had been very chary of approaching the 
subject and had practically refused to touch it until they had had 
some experience of the country. They found that there was no real 
demand on the part of the agricultural poulation for education 
generaily. It was feared by the peasantry that their sons if educated 
would leave the land and join the clerk class in the town. The best 
thing appeared to be to gain the confidence of the agriculturists 
emselves in the first place and create a demand for aoricultural 
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