114 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES 
had the upper hand. The Church admits that her attitude 
to the economic and social problems has never been properly 
defined, and that there has been a want of faith in her own 
principles and in the principles of Christ's teachings. 
OPINIONS OF EMPLOYERS 
PRINTING INDUSTRY—COM MERCIAL AND PERIODICAL 
BRANCHES—DECLARATIONS BY JOINT COUNCIL? 
Second. The industry to pay at least a reasonable living 
wage; scales below this to be adjusted in frank recognition 
of the basic principle involved. 
The second cardinal point meets another issue squarely 
and decisively. In some jurisdictions the industry did not 
pay a reasonable living wage to some workers in 1914. There- 
fore, in such instances, the application of the first cardinal 
principle would not provide a reasonable living wage in 1920. 
It is the determination of the Joint Conference Council to 
give thorough consideration to the wage scales of 1914, and 
to find a way to correct these obviously inequitable conditions 
if it is possible to do so. 
(a) Wages should be adjusted with due regard to the 
purchasing power of the wage and to the right of every man 
to an opportunity to earn a living at fair wages, to reasonable 
hours of work and working conditions, to a decent home and 
to the enjoyment of proper social conditions. 
J. A. NORTON, AUDITOR, FIRESTONE TIRE AND 
RUBBER COMPANY? 
Some of the advantages the living wage idea would give 
us, as we see them, are: 
1. A more cooperative feeling between employer and 
employee. 
1 Cardinal Points of a Labor Policy Agreed Upon by International Joint 
a forena Council, Commercial and Periodical Branches, Printing Industry, 
1920. 
2 “The Living Wage—What Is It?” By J. A. Norton, Auditor of Sub 
sidiary Companies, the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., in Industrial Manage. 
ment, September, 1919, p. 212.