1026 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA
a
age) of this pattern relative to the pattern of 100 percent spatial
centralization. Where curve DD lies below the horizontal axis,
there is a net disadvantage for the corresponding pattern.
Where DD lies above the horizontal, there is a net advantage.
Obviously, where the entire set of hypotheses underlying he
curves of Figure 10 is accepted, the optimal degree of spatial
centralization would correspond to that point at which curve DD
reaches a maximum.
The curves of Figure 10, and the discussion thus far, relate
to decision making on a representative concrete issue (or set
of concrete issues) when it is hypothesized that only one, welldefined
state of the environment can occur. It is now appropriate
to relax this restriction and permit the occurrence of
several states of the environment.
Elsewhere, ISARD and Tune have extended the simple
example cited above so that the occurrence of each of three
states of the environment is possible (**). These states have
reference to the international situation and were designated:
I) good will, 2) usual, and 3) extremely tense, as indicated at
the head of the columns of table 3. In this example, only
overview advantage was permitted to vary with the state of
environment for the specific set of assumptions which was
adopted. The resulting figures for the case examined are recorded
in table 3. In net form, these figures constitute the
elements of the payoff matrix of table 4. It is immediately seen
that there is no one pattern of spatial decentralization which
can be designated optimal. In the light of modern decisionmaking
theory it becomes necessary to introduce still another
assumption which pertains to the attitude of the decisionmaking
individual or group (%).
(2) Isarp and Tung, op. cit., Part. IT.
(5) SEE W. IsSARD and M. Dacky, On the Projection of Individual Be
havior in Regional Analysis, Parts I and II, « Journal of Regional Science »
Vol. a. Nos. T and » respectively and articles cited therein
121 Isard - pag. 24
