SEMAINE D'ÉTUDE SUR LE ROLE DE L'ANALYSE ECONOMETRIQUE ETC. 
1091 
for scientific work in the less advanced countries is an indispens- 
able condition for attracting competent scientists to go out to 
such countries. 
4.4. Programmed technical aid on a group basis has been 
more effective. A team of young engineers from a less advanc- 
2d country can receive most valuable training in an advanced 
country when such training is oriented to specific technological 
projects. Teams of experts from advanced countries have also 
been of very great help in establishing factories or in starting 
new projects in the less advanced countries. Such technical 
aid, especially in engineering, technology and applied sciences, 
should be continued and expanded. Special projects for estab- 
lishing technological and research centres in the less advanced 
countries have also been taken up by some of the international 
agencies. This type of aid can be of great value provided a 
sufficient number of scientific workers in the less advanced 
countries can be trained to work in such centres, and also 
provided necessary conditions are established to enable them 
‘o do their work properly. 
5. SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION AND RESEARC, 
5.1. It has been argued in the earlier sections that for mo- 
dernisation it is necessary to establish a foundation for scientific 
research and the social appreciation of science in the developing 
and less advanced countries. Every path-finder in a new 
field of research must work in the first instance by himself; if 
ne is successful, other persons gradually get interested in the 
subject. Such path-finders always had, and will always have 
to overcome much opposition, and even hostility, until the new 
subject becomes a recognised part of the « established » field 
of science. But it is only a few scientists of outstanding ability 
who can work in isolation. Most research workers require the 
14] Mahalanobis I - pag. 23