For those farms which rented out means of production,
 the income from the renting out of working livestock
 and agricultural implements reached a substantial
 figure, as may be seen from their budgets:
Per Cent Income From Renting Out
Means of Production to Total
Estimated Net Income of Farm
For Farms With For Farms With
Means of Pro- Means of Production
 Valued duction Valued
at 801-1,400 at More Than
Rubles 1,400 Rubles
i: 5.2

Province
TAMDOY coins orem
Ukraine (wooded steppe
$7 41s) 11) J ——— 5.1
Ukraine (steppe region) 16.5
NOVOSIDITSE oer 74

78
12.2
04

The inherent contradictions and the backwardness
»f small-scale production are also illustrated by the
great degree of the non-utilization of the available
labor power, a large part of which the small-scale producer
 is not able to apply due to the insufficiency of
the means of production:
Unused Working Time, in Per Cent of
Available Supply
Proletarian and Semi- Small-scale Commodproletarian
 Holdings ity Producers
43.2 40.7
41.1 41.3
61.1 46.3
89.2 39.2
a 41.7
416.5 11.7

REGION
Ukraine oso. sen
Northern Caucasus ........
Lower Volga mm
Betty mmampnosmmmmmns
Central Black Soil...
Moscow Industrial on.

The limitations of small-scale cultivation are also
quite clearly reflected in the indicators of the efficiency
of production among the various social groups of the
village. This may be seen from the following data on
the grain yield and the productivity of milch cattle:
18