306 
LEIPZIG. 
4s. 7d. per day, or, say, 25s. to 27s. 6<i. per week of 60 hours. The third class, 
comprising the general body of unskilled labourers, are paid from 3s. Id. to 
4s. 2d. per day (21s. to 25s. per week of 60 hours) according to their service, 
and the fourth class, that of the lamplighters, 2s. 5d. to 2s. 10J. per week day, 
with 2s. Id. to 3s. for Sundays or holidays. 
The Parks and Public Gardens Department of the municipality employs 
on an average 270 workpeople (including 45 women) per week all the year 
round, the average number from April to September being 318, and from 
October to March, 222. The hours of labour are 10 in the spring and summer 
and from 9 to 9^ in the autumn and winter months. Of the 225 men 
employed in this branch, 176 are unskilled labourers, amongst whom the young 
and able-bodied are paid from 18s. to 21s., and the old and less capable from 
14s. to 16s. per week of 60 hours. Gardeners on weekly wage are paid 
23s. to 25s. 
The department concerned with the maintenance and cleaning of the streets 
employs from 400 to 500 men, including 280 street-sweepers working 54 hours 
per week, for which they are paid 19s. 6<A on the average ; the men in charge 
of gangs, of whom there are some 50, receive 2s. per week more. 
Compared with the other branches of the municipal service, the waterworks 
and electric lighting station employ little labour. The wages of 11 labourers 
returned as employed at the former in October, 1905, were 17s. 3d per week of 
57 hours, while for August, 1906, 28 labourers were returned as earning 
20s. 5d. per week of 60 hours. At the electric lighting station enginemen were 
paid 30s. and stokers 27s. per week of 64 hours, while fitters and installators 
were paid 28s. per week of 54 hours. 
The electric tramway service of Leipzig is in the hands of private 
companies. 
Housing and Rents. 
The housing conditions of the Leipzig working classes may be described as 
favourable in comparison with those of other German towns of the same size. 
The chief reason for this is to be found in the fact, already alluded to, that a 
very large proportion of the land lying within the town precincts is, and has for 
a long time been, owned by the municipality or administered by that body on 
behalf of certain city endowments. This land, of which the greater part 
remains open for the benefit of the community, is distributed over the entire 
urban area in such a way that dwellers in all parts of the town have ready 
access to some portion of it. It would in fact be difficult to find any street in 
Leipzig from which it would be necessary to walk more than a mile in order to 
reach one or other of the extensive recreation grounds at the disposal of the 
inhabitants. Where the municipality has sold public land for the erection of 
private houses—as it is constantly doing—it has been in a position to prescribe 
conditions which have ensured free access of light and air to the streets and 
dwellings erected on the new sites. 
The following Table shows the number of dwellings of different sizes in 
Leipzig on December 1st, 1905, and the distribution of the population among 
those dwellings :— 
Number of Rooms in 
Tenement. 
One 
Two 
Three 
Four 
Five 
Six 
Seven 
Eight 
Nine 
Ten and over 
Total 
Number 
of 
Tenements. 
Population housed in 
such Tenements. 
Total. 
1,392 
3,051 
20,689 
44,869 
22,230 
10,634 
5,019 
2,639 
1,528 
2,607 
114,658 
1,968 
8,355 
71,743 
195,513 
102,201 
50,097 
25,185 
13,750 
8,409 
17,078 
494,299 
Per cent. 
0- 4 
1- 7 
145 
39-5 
20 7 
101 
5-1 
2- 8 
1-7 
3-5 
100-0