£0 PART V 
_ Our next export of importance is cotton—a produce in which we 
are nearly all much interested. That product has, as you see from 
the table, reached the second place in importance. In the time of 
the Germans its order was the fourth place. I am glad to say that, 
in the course of about four years, we have been able to surpass the 
German output. In 1913 the German export of cotton was nearly 
44,000 cwt.; last year our output was over 90,000 cwt.—more than 
twice as much. That means that we have done in just over four 
years more than it took the Germans fifteen years to do. This opens 
up a question of policy, but I think it is a point in favour—at any rate 
under our conditions—of a native cotton growing industry. The 
proportions of the production are at present partly estimated, but I 
think may be pretty accurately stated at native 639 and non-native 
379%. An important matter for the consideration of the Agricultural 
Department has been prevention of depreciation of the cotton, and as 
we do not now possess the assistance of technical officials of the 
Empire Cotton Growing Corporation, or of any other origin, we have 
had to use rather rough and ready means. In the use of these methods 
legislation is very important: by legislation we are able to get all the 
kinds of seed we like that the ginneries may produce, and we distribute 
that seed freely to the natives. Our aim has been, when obtaining 
seed, that it should be of first quality, and we have attached great 
importance (on the advice of our entomologist) to the earliness of 
cotton; that means that we aim to get seed from the first pickings; 
but as there is very little difference in the long run we sometimes take 
some of the second quality as well. In that way we have attempted 
to prevent the cotton of Tanganyika from deteriorating; and all the 
reports on it that we have received show that it has not deteriorated. 
For increasing the quantities of seed of good quality we use seed- 
farms. We have had, through the kindness of the British Cotton 
Growing Association in Uganda, a free gift of seed, which we increased 
from 95 tons to over 500 tons suitable and used for distribu- 
tion purposes, employing one of the islands of the Territory as 
a seed-farm; and the production of that 500 tons of seed was accom- 
plished without one penny of expense to Government. In addition 
to that, we have a superior cotton, as is proved by different reports, 
which was produced by Mr. Wood, sometime Cotton Specialist of the 
Corporation at our station at Mpanganya. This cotton is commonly 
known as ‘“ M >> Cotton. It is having excellent reports, and we have 
raised, in the first year of work for its increase the quantity to about 
14 tons; and this year we hope to obtain over 150 tons of good seed, 
or sufficient to supply one whole district in the Territory. That has 
also been obtained with the co-operation of certain non-native planters, 
without any expense to Government. 
From cotton I turn to coffee, the third product in the list, which 
we found of so much interest this morning. The production of this 
commodity has increased very greatly since German times and the 
quality has at the same time improved. In Tanganyika 
most of our coffee, oddly enough, is produced by natives. 
We have two distinct coffee industries, one in Bukoba on 
the western shores of liake Victoria, where over 3,000 tons of coffee 
are produced almost entirely by natives: then we have in the Northern 
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