THE INCOME OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER. 199

average weekly earnings, in the departments named, of all workers
sXeept sardars :—

Multiple shift.

Department.

Sacking weaving

Hessian weaving
Sacking winding

Hessian winding
Sacking spinnine
Hessian spinning
Batching

i dav week.

Rs. A. »,
8 2 9
515 0
49 6
4 8 7
2 9 6
3
2 14%

5 dav week.

Rs. A. 2.
9 3 0
749
5 1 3
5 6 0
3 «9
314 0
2 0 9

Single shift 5%
days=60
hours per
week.

Re. A. P,
9 8 0
8 4 6
512 0
512 0
+ 20
4 2 0
4 5 3

Since the above statements were submitted, the mills have
further reduced working hours, but no later figures are available.
Wages in Engineering and Metal Industries.

We have been furnished with figures of rates and in some cases
of average earnings of the skilled and semi-skilled labour employed in
sngineering and metal works. There is, however, no uniformity in the
returns, some of which are compiled on a daily and others on, a monthly
basis. The variety of occupations and the great differences in skill are
reflected in the wide variations of rates and earnings and make a detailed
analysis difficult. Taking five typical occupations—masons, carpenters,
blacksmiths, fitters and turners—the earnings are highest in Bombay City
and Ahmedabad. Masons there may earn from Rs. 50 to Rs. 70 a month,
sarpenters and blacksmiths from Rs. 60 to 75, and fitters and turners
between Rs. 65 and Rs, 80. In Sholapur the rates are appreciably
lower. They are lowest in Madras, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and the
United Provinces, where the average monthly earnings of masons are in
the neighbourhood of Rs. 30, of carpenters about Rs. 35 and of blacksmiths,
 fitters and turners about Rs. 40. Midway between the two
extremes come the Central Provinces, Burma, the Punjab and Delhi in
the order named. Bombay rates are reflected in the Central Provinces,
where earnings generally are higher than in Burma, which in turn has a
Somewhat higher level than the Punjab and Delhi. In all areas the
apper limits depend on the skill of the operative and there are better
openings for advancement in this branch of factory industry than in
textiles.