846 
MANNHEIM. 
costing nearly 2^d., which works out at Is. 4fd. per cwt. or 28s. per ton. Less 
usually a large “ Eimer ” of coal, containing a quarter of a hundredweight, is sold 
at a proportionate price. Many working-class families, however, obtain their coal 
supplies in larger quantities and at a cheaper rate from the factories at which the 
bread winners are employed ; here the cost is only Is. or Is. Id. per cwt. and the 
value of the quantity supplied is deducted from the wages at every settlement. 
Coke is used to a smaller extent and is obtained from the municipal gas works. 
Another fuel must be named which is peculiar to Mannheim working-class 
households, viz., the shavings and saw-dust which accumulate at the large timber- 
yards. Sacks of this refuse are sold at the rate of 1 \d. each, and in many of 
the poorer homes no other fuel ever enters the stoves save in the cold seasons 
of the year. The paraffin oil mostly used is American costing KM per gallon. 
The co-operative movement has made considerable progress in Mannheim since its 
introduction a few years ago, and between the " stores ” of the working classes 
and the private businesses keen rivalry exists. Of the 3,500 members of the 
co-operative society, over 30 per cent, belong to the metal trades. 
The following Table summarises the prices of groceries, &c., in October, 
1905, and also gives comparative prices at the time of the investigator’s visit in 
August, 1906. Milk and bacon were slightly higher at the later date, but 
other prices showed no sensible change. 
Predominant Priées paid by the Working Classes in October, 1905, 
and August, 1906. 
Commodity. 
Coffee 
Sugar :— 
Loaf ... . « 
White Granulated 
Bacon :— 
Fat 
Streaky ... 
Eggs 
Cheese :— 
Limburg ... 
Swiss 
Butter 
Margarine ... 
“Palmin” ... 
“Kokos” 
Potatoes 
Flour, Wheaten 
Bread :— 
Grey 
Black 
Milk ... 
Coal ... 
Coke ... 
Paraffin Oil 
per lb. 
per Is. 
per lb. 
per 7 lb. 
per 4 lb. 
per quart 
per cwt. 
per gallon 
Predominant Price. 
October, 1905. 
11 d. to Is. Id. 
2hd., 2|d. 
~2&d. 
8§d. to 91d. 
9^d. 
13 
5 \d. 
Is. Id. to Is. 3fd. 
Is. 3Id. 
Id. to 8fd. 
Id. 
Id. 
3d. 
Is. lfd. 
h\d. 
5d. 
2§d., 3d. 
Is. 4fd. 
Is. 3%d. to Is. 4|d. 
" lOd. 
August, 1906. 
lid. to Is. Id. 
2# 
2\d. 
9|d. 
9|d. to lid. 
13 
5 \d. 
Is Id. to Is. 3£d. 
Is. 3\d. 
7d. to 8|d. 
7 d. 
Id. 
3d. 
Is. lfd 
5 hd. 
5d. 
3d. 
Is. 4|d. 
Is. 3\d. to Is 4|d. 
lOd. 
Meat. 
A large proportion of the meat supply of Mannheim comes from the Grand 
Duchy of Baden. Wurtemberg is next in importance, particularly as concerns 
beef ; Bavaria also sends a good deal of beef ; while the pork comes chiefly 
from Mecklenburg, Hanover, Schleswig Holstein, Pomerania, and Baden. The 
mutton comes for the most part from the neighbourhood, but the consumption 
is not large. Of foreign countries only Austria is of importance, and that in 
respect of beef. During the last few years the meat consumption of the town, 
as estimated from the returns of the municipal slaughter-house, has steadily 
decreased both quantitatively and qualitatively. In 1902 the daily consumption 
of fresh meat was 0'363 lb. per head, in 1903 0*372 lb., in 1904 0*374 lb., and 
in 1905, 0*350 lb. ; but in 1901 it was 0*389 lb., in 1900 0*409 lb., and