THE  SCOPE  OF  PSYCHOLOGICAL  TESTS  197

room.  To  be  sure  it  took  her  two  months  to  succeed
whereas  the  ordinary  girl  requires  only  two  weeks.  However, ­
  her  ambition  and  her  other  excellent  moral  qualities
Were  such  as  to  enable  her  in  time  to  overcome  the  initial
handicap  with  which  she  began.
This  raises  the  second  important  point  in  respect  to
which  psychological  tests  are  at  present  inadequate;
Namely,  the  discovery  of  the  moral  and  emotional  qualities
°f  an  individual.  In  the  example  cited,  the  presence  of
certain  moral  forces  discounted  a  certain  lack  of  natural
ability.  Now,  such  qualities  as  ambition,  reliability,  enthusiasm, ­
  punctuality,  honesty,  cheerfulness,  determination, ­
  loyalty,  forcefulness,  excitability,  tact,  deliberateness
a nd  an  infinite  number  of  similar  traits  are  generally
classified  as  moral  and  emotional  qualities.  However,
a lthough  the  existence  and  concrete  character  of  these
Qualities  is  generally  conceded,  their  exact  psychological
Mature  is  very  little  understood.  The  common-sense  point
°f  view  and  the  psychological  method  are  equally  at  a  loss
w hen  it  comes  to  defining  and  measuring  these  qualities.
Some  attempts  have  been  made  to  devise  tests  by  which  to
Pleasure  them.  One,  for  example,  is  based  on  a  series  of
ethical  questions.  The  subject  is  given  a  number  of
printed  cards,  each  one  proposing  an  action  which  is
generally  considered  wrong  or  immoral.  Following  are
s °me  sample  acts:
Stealing  a  loaf  of  bread  when  hungry.
Neglecting  to  pay  one’s  carfare.
Walking  off  with  somebody  else’s  umbrella.
Telling  a  lie  about  one’s  income.
Passing  on  a  slanderous  story.
Breaking  a  speed  law.
Taking  illegal  rebates.