280 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES
LABORERS

Philadelphia—Bureau of Municipal Research........... $1,926
Detroit—Visiting Housekeepers’ Association........... 2,032
California—State Civil Service Commission.... ...... 2,101
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
(Presumably Factory Workers)
New York City—Bronx—Nat’l Industrial Conference
Board coanvsiivsisonsinis bemmniane dmeewmnsovs
New York City—Brooklyn—Nat’l Industrial Conference
Board ..

CLERICAL WORKERS
New York Bureau of Municipal Research..............
New York National Industrial Conference Board—
Richmond ....-Brooklyn
 ..... . ......-Washington
 Government Employee......cvue..
California—State Civil Service Commission... .. eevee.

2,173

2,203
2,084
2,011
3,067
The budgets upon which the foregoing costs are based,
with the exception of the California Civil Service Commission,
 make no provision for savings, and provide only for
the minimum requirements of health and decency. In the
light even of these minimum requirements, the annual
earnings of the majority of our unskilled laborers and factory
 workers—which, as shown above, at a maximum
range only from $1,200 to $1,500—are, to say the least, obviously
 inadequate. The Reverend John A. Ryan, of the
Social Action Department of the National Catholic Welfare
 Council, forcibly called attention to this condition of
affairs in the course of a Labor Day statment for 1928,
as follows:

In the United States at the present time we are in danger
of yielding to a false sense of industrial security. Strikes
have become relatively infrequent; class feeling has apparently
 diminished; socialism, which troubled us so greatly a
few years ago, has all but disappeared. Yet to assume that
this is an adequate picture of labor conditions is to deceive
ourselves.