SEMAINE D'ÉTUDE SUR LE ROLE DE L’ ANALYSE ECONOMETRIOUE ETC. 109G

6.8. A tourth programme could be to send from advanced
countries young scholars, who have just finished their educadon
 in universities or higher educational institutions or have
already done some research, to start or continue suitable lines
of research for about two years or so in existing institutions
or in research units to be established for this purpose in underdeveloped
 countries. The common participation in research
projects of young scholars from the advanced and the underdeveloped
 countries would be of great help in establishing
scientific traditions and an atmosphere of scientific criticism.
It would promote self-confidence among the scientific workers
of the underdeveloped country, especially, if the visiting scholars
 from advanced countries take higher degrees from insti
tutions in the less advanced countries.

6.9. All the above forms of scientific aid can be started, on
a small scale and at low cost, and, if successful, can be expanded
 in the light of experience. Also, these forms of scientific aid
would not in any way overlap or hamper bigger programmes
for gifts of expensive equipment or large projects for the setting
up of national or regional centres and institutes for scientific
research in the less advanced countries. On the contrary, the
modest programme described in this note would prepare the
ground for bigger projects.

7. CONCLUSION

7-I. In conclusion I may refer, very briefly, to some recent
developments. After the second world war the movement for
‘erminating colonial rule gained rapidly in strength, and one
country after another in Asia and Africa has won political independence.
 It is being increasingly realised, however, that
independence is not enough for economic development. The
need of economic and technical aid is also being increasingly

14] Mahalanobis I - pag. 31