DRESDEN. 
191 
case of two very important groups of trades—clothing and building—work is 
for the most part carried on under conditions which exclude these trades from 
the factory inspectors’ yearly enumerations, so that only a rough estimate can be 
formed of their relative importance from the data obtained on the occasion of 
the general industrial census of 14th June, 1895. According to that census 
there were in Dresden 6,806 persons employed in garment making, 3,600 in 
boot and shoemaking, and 16,000 in the building trades, and these numbers 
would have been considerably greater if they had included the establishments 
situated in the out-lying parishes which have since been brought within the 
municipal area of Dresden. 
General agreements between organisations of employers on the one hand 
and of workpeople on the other, fixing conditions of labour, exist for practically 
the whole of the building trades, as well as for the printing and brewing trades, 
and for coppersmiths and carters. From copies of these agreements it has been 
possible to compute the predominant rates of wages for competent workmen in 
the trades concerned, since provision is in all cases made for the rate of wages 
to be paid per hour, day, or week, as well as for the number of hours consti 
tuting the working week. In the other branches of private industry carried on 
in Dresden, owing to the opposition of the employers, no advance whatever has 
yet been made towards the regulation of working conditions by collective 
agreements. In the case of these trades, therefore, the data regarding wages 
have had to be obtained from the pay-sheets of the principal industrial estab 
lishments, and as the majority of the operatives in these establishments are paid 
on the piece-work system, the weekly rate represents as a rule the earnings for 
a full week without working overtime. It is also to be noted that in some of 
the most important of the local industries—more especially the cigarette, 
chocolate, sweet, condensed milk, and photographic paper industries—the bulk 
of the operatives are women and girls, so that the wages given below, being those 
of adult males only, cannot be regarded as typical for the trades in question. 
Wages and Hours of Labour in the Principal Occupations, October, 1905. 
Weekly Wages. 
Building Trades* :— 
Bricklayers and Masons 
Hod Carriers 
Carpenters 
Joiners ... 
Stone-cutters 
Stucco-workers 
Paperhangers 
Plumbers 
Painters ... 
Labourers (other than Hod Carriers) 
29s. 7d. 
32s. Qd. 
31s. 2d. 
24s. 5d. 
27s. to 28s. 
27s. 6d. 
23s. 2d. 
Metal and Engineering Trades :— 
Machine Construction :— 
Moulders 
Fitters ... ••• • «• 
Turners ... 
Planers ... 
Pattern-makers... 
Labourers 
Manufacture of Kitchen Fittings : 
Tinsmiths 
Fitters ... 
Turners ... 
Metal Stampers 
Varnishers 
Japanners 
Labourers 
Manufacture of Photographic Apparatus 
Joiners ... 
Case-makers 
Unskilled workpeople 
Coppersmiths 
30s. to 35s. 
25s. „ 27s. 
27s. „ 30s. 
23s. 
28s. 
27s. 
31s. 
30s. 
30s. 
27s. 
26s. 
18s. 
24s. 
Weekly Hours of 
Labour. 
58 
50 
52 
52 
58 
55 
58 
58-60 
58-60 
58-60 
58-60 
58 
58 
58 
58 
58 
52 
52 
52 
60 
* The wages and hours oí labour stated for the building trades are for a full week in 
summer.