NORMS AND TRENDS IN NET EARNINGS 139 
extends from the group 15.00-17.50 to the group 37.50-40.00; and 
(3) the ratios are concentrated above the modal amount, the 
positions of density being between 25.00 and 35.00. Accord- 
ingly, it may be said that out of each $100 of gross earnings 
received, banks retain over and above their operating expenses 
between $25 and $35. 
The foregoing generalizations take little or no account of the 
variations of the ratios in the different districts. Further analy- 
sis, with these in mind, is necessary. 
CHART 35 
Di1STRIBUTION OF YEARLY DisTRICT RATIOS OF NET EARNINGS TO 
Gross EARNINGS, ALL MEMBER BANKS, 1919-1925 
Percentage 
Groups 
L 
t 
= 
= 
3 
Per Cent 
10 15 20 
15.00 and under 17.50 
17.50 and under 20.00 
20.C0 and under 22.50 
22.50 and under 25.00 
25.00 and under 27.50 
27.50 and under 30.00 
30.00 and under 32.50¢ 
32.50 and under 35.00 
35.€0 and under 37.50 
37.50 and under 40.00 
RE — 
en) 
ere 
wilt 
25 Nu mae 
' Casag 
I 
15 
16 
12 
3 
From Table 87, it is seen that the yearly ratios in the respec- 
tive districts vary. But it is not apparent that there are uni- 
formities in the variations. If the amounts, district by district, 
are measured as deviations, plus and minus, from the seven-year 
averages, it is found that the ratios were generally high in 1919, 
1920, and 1921; low in 1924 and 1925; and mixed, high and 
low, in 1922 and 1923. In the years called “high,” Philadel- 
phia in 1919, and Richmond, Atlanta, and Dallas in 1921, are 
the only exceptions; in those which are termed “low,” the one 
exception is Atlanta in 1925. The mixed years show in general 
that the ratios were high in regions east of the Mississippi River