PROBLEMS OF DISTRIBUTION 247 
resisting power and the lower becomes their 
efficiency. 
If this diagnosis—a diagnosis to which 
economic theory has led us—is correct, the 
cure for the species of sweating which has 
been selected for examination consists in 
measures which will raise the efficiency of ill- 
paid workers, bring about the removal of 
some of them to occupations for which a 
greater reward is obtainable, and check the 
tendencies which are driving their wages 
beneath their marginal worth. 
The problem of casual labour is usually 
envisaged as distinct from that of sweating, 
but the two are neighbouring species of one 
genus. In most cases of casual labour we 
meet again with an over-supply of labour 
which has sunk down, or has always been 
down, and is without the knowledge, energy, 
or training, which should bring about 
the dispersal of the surplus among other 
trades, while at the same time the individual 
bargain and disorganised demand flourish 
so that time is wasted in finding work and 
nobody is fully occupied. Again the solution 
is organisation and the fostering of social 
forces which in this particular case are 
atrophied or undeveloped. It is important 
that steps should be taken to reform the