SEMAINE D'ÉTUDE SUR LE ROLE DE L’ ANALYSE ECONOMETRIOUE ETC. 109G 
6.8. A tourth programme could be to send from advanced 
countries young scholars, who have just finished their educa- 
don in universities or higher educational institutions or have 
already done some research, to start or continue suitable lines 
of research for about two years or so in existing institutions 
or in research units to be established for this purpose in under- 
developed countries. The common participation in research 
projects of young scholars from the advanced and the under- 
developed countries would be of great help in establishing 
scientific traditions and an atmosphere of scientific criticism. 
It would promote self-confidence among the scientific workers 
of the underdeveloped country, especially, if the visiting scho- 
lars from advanced countries take higher degrees from insti 
tutions in the less advanced countries. 
6.9. All the above forms of scientific aid can be started, on 
a small scale and at low cost, and, if successful, can be expand- 
ed in the light of experience. Also, these forms of scientific aid 
would not in any way overlap or hamper bigger programmes 
for gifts of expensive equipment or large projects for the setting 
up of national or regional centres and institutes for scientific 
research in the less advanced countries. On the contrary, the 
modest programme described in this note would prepare the 
ground for bigger projects. 
7. CONCLUSION 
7-I. In conclusion I may refer, very briefly, to some recent 
developments. After the second world war the movement for 
‘erminating colonial rule gained rapidly in strength, and one 
country after another in Asia and Africa has won political inde- 
pendence. It is being increasingly realised, however, that 
independence is not enough for economic development. The 
need of economic and technical aid is also being increasingly 
14] Mahalanobis I - pag. 31