INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 187 
movement does not reflect the slump in immigration in the latter 
part of 1911 and the early part of 1912. 
Let us see whether some of these peculiarities may not be ex- 
plained by reference to the curve for employment in factoriesin the 
United States, given in the lower section of Chart 42, together with the 
curve for immigration from the United Kingdom to the United States. 
Upon examination of the facts concerning employment con- 
ditions in the United States, we find that, as a rule, those years 
when rising emigration is concurrent with declining employment in 
the United Kingdom are also years when the employment conditions 
in the United Kingdom and in the United States are not similar. 
Thus, from 1887 to 1889,» industrial activity in the United States 
slackened while British employment rose; in 1890 to 1892, inclusive, 
factory employment conditions in the United Statesimproved while 
British employment declined; in 1896, employment in the United 
States declined but in Great Britain rose; in 1902, the United States 
movement is upward but in Great Britain it is downward; in 1908 
and 1909 the upward turn comes more quickly in the United 
States, and the depression of 1911 is more clearly defined in the 
United States movement. 
In each of the periods just mentioned emigration from the United 
Kingdom tended to increase when employment conditions were 
improving in the United States and becoming less favorable in the 
United Kingdom; and similarly, emigration declined when employ- 
ment conditions became less favorable in the United States and 
more favorable in Great Britain. 
On the other hand, in those periods when employment is improving 
in both countries, emigration is, as a rule, also increasing; when 
employment in both countries is declining, emigration also dim- 
inishes. For example, see 1906 to 1909. Neither employment 
conditions in the United States nor in Great Britain afford an 
obvious explanation for the sharp boom in emigration in 1904. 
To summarize, the flow of emigration from the United Kingdom 
to the United States agrees to a large extent with the course of 
employment in the latter country, whether the concurrent move- 
ment in employment in Great Britain is similar or dissimilar to 
that in the United States. 
British Emigration to Countries other than the United States. 
During the period from 1870 to 1913 there was a substantial 
volume of emigration from the United Kingdom to countries other 
10See Charts 32, 34, and 41. 
PY 
35